xdf蓝皮passage11（或63篇中passage49）

关于讨论women's labor in the United States.讲在美国的industry 中，仍存在sex segregation.

1.According to the passage,job segregation by sex in the US was

B.perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women's employment in wage labor.

D.reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages were obvious.

答案选B，我选了D。思路是文中第三段一句：Employers showed little interet in changing that perception even when higher profits beckoned.

6.The passage supports which of the following statements about hiring policies in the US?

C.Post-second world war hiring policies caused women to lose many of their war time gains in employment opportunity

D.Even war industries during the second world war were reluctant to hire women for factory work.

答案是C,我选了D。思路是文中第三段一句：despite the urgent need of the US during the second world war to mobilize its human resources fully,job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industry

谢谢大家指点，极度困惑！！

以下是原文，昨天忘记写了，谢谢大家了！！

Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first largely disregarded the story of female service workers—women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk (salesclerk: n.商店里的店员), domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians focused instead on factory work, primarily because it seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women’s work” in the home, and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect (in effect: in substance: VIRTUALLY “the T committee agreed to what was in effect a reduction in the hourly wage Current Biography”). Unfortunately, emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.

To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often determines the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature (by nature: adv.生来) skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women. Because women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasks more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded as female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s “real” aspirations were for marriage and family life, declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs came to be perceived as “female.”

More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once an occupation came to be perceived as “female.” employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despite the urgent need of the United States during the Second World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job segregation by sex characterized even the most important war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that women had been permitted to master.

employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned.

就是说即使能得到更高的profits，employers仍对改变job segregation 没有兴趣。这个正好与D冲突了，D是说employer不愿意challenge job segregation，除非有了economic advantage.

第6题重点是下面那句话

Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that women had been permitted to master.

前面那句话只是说最重要的战争工业内仍然盛行job segregation，但是并不是所有的war industry在当时都job segregation；而是恰恰相反，迫于urgent needs, 肯定有部分war industry 雇佣了女性，接下来正好接下文（但是，一旦战争结束，雇主们又很快恢复了那些此前女人被允许操作的，但应该是男人们应该做的工作。）

因此C答案正确。

谢谢zhaopf_simon!!!

需要很仔细考虑才能做对。