GWD

7. GWD29-Q4:

The passage indicates that Robertson’s research in Kenya caused her to change her mind regarding which of the following?        B C

A.        Whether age was the prevailing principle of social organization in Kenya before colonialism

B.         Whether gender was the primary determinant of social authority in Africa generally before colonialism

C.        Whether it was only after colonialism that gender became a significant determinant of authority in Kenyan society

D.        Whether age was a crucial factor determining authority in Africa after colonialism

E.         Whether British colonialism imposed European-style male-dominant notions upon local situations in Ghana

只有通过仔细比较这两句话，才能隐约看出点意思。

第一段：In a 1984 book, Claire C, Robertson argued that, before colonialism, age was a more important indicator of status and authority than gender in Ghana and in Africa
            generally.

第二段：Subsequent research in
            Kenya convinced Robertson that she had overgeneralized about Africa. Before colonialism, gender was more salient in central Kenya than it was in Ghana, although age was still crucial in determining authority.

 In a 1984 book, Claire C.     CR在1984年的著作中认为在加纳和

         Robertson argued that,                非洲，年龄是更重要的地位权力的指

         before colonialism, age was            标。

Line         a more important indicator

  (5)       of status and authority than

gender in Ghana and in

Africa generally.  British           英国殖民才令男尊女卑出现，性别

colonialism imposed               才成为主导因素。

European-style male-

 (10)       dominant notions upon

more egalitarian local

situations to the detriment

of women generally, and

gender became a defining

 (15)       characteristic that weak-

ened women’s power and

authority.

      Subsequent research in        但后来对肯尼亚的研究让CR承认

Kenya convinced Robertson          她过分概括了非洲。

 (20)       that she had overgeneralized

         about Africa.  Before colo-             在殖民主义前，性别差异在肯尼亚

         nialism, gender was more               比在加纳更明显，虽然年龄仍是决

salient in central Kenya than          定权力的关键因素。

it was in Ghana, although age

 (25)       was still crucial in determin-

ing authority.  In contrast with

Ghana, where women had

traded for hundreds of years

and achieved legal majority

 (30)       (not unrelated phenomena),

the evidence regarding

central Kenya indicated that           肯尼亚中部的妇女的次等地位与

         women were legal minors               那时的欧洲妇女类似。

and were sometimes treated

 (35)
                   as male property, as were

European women at that

time.  Factors like strong             造成这一处境的因素。

patrilinearity and patrilocality,

        as well as women’s inferior

 (40)      land rights and lesser

involvement in trade, made

women more dependent on

men than was generally the

case in Ghana.  However,            但年龄还是最主要的。

 (45)       since age apparently

remained the overriding

principle of social organiza-

tion in central Kenya, some

senior women had much

 (50)       authority.  Thus, Robertson          所以CR修改了自己的假设，

revised her hypothesis                殖民前的非洲，年龄主导程度是

somewhat, arguing that               有差别的。

in determining authority in

precolonial Africa age was a

 (55)       primary principle that super-

seded gender to varying

degrees depending on the

situation.

 In a 1984 book, Claire C.     CR在1984年的著作中认为在加纳和

         Robertson argued that,                非洲，年龄是更重要的地位权力的指

         before colonialism, age was            标。

Line         a more important indicator

  (5)       of status and authority than

gender in Ghana and in

Africa generally.  British           英国殖民才令男尊女卑出现，性别

colonialism imposed               才成为主导因素。

European-style male-

 (10)       dominant notions upon

more egalitarian local

situations to the detriment

of women generally, and

gender became a defining

 (15)       characteristic that weak-

ened women’s power and

authority.

      Subsequent research in        但后来对肯尼亚的研究让CR承认

Kenya convinced Robertson          她过分概括了非洲。

 (20)       that she had overgeneralized

         about Africa.  Before colo-             在殖民主义前，性别差异在肯尼亚

         nialism, gender was more               比在加纳更明显，虽然年龄仍是决

salient in central Kenya than          定权力的关键因素。

it was in Ghana, although age

 (25)       was still crucial in determin-

ing authority.  In contrast with

Ghana, where women had

traded for hundreds of years

and achieved legal majority

 (30)       (not unrelated phenomena),

the evidence regarding

central Kenya indicated that           肯尼亚中部的妇女的次等地位与

         women were legal minors               那时的欧洲妇女类似。

and were sometimes treated

 (35)
       as male property, as were

European women at that

time.  Factors like strong             造成这一处境的因素。

patrilinearity and patrilocality,

        as well as women’s inferior

 (40)      land rights and lesser

involvement in trade, made

women more dependent on

men than was generally the

case in Ghana.  However,            但年龄还是最主要的。

 (45)       since age apparently

remained the overriding

principle of social organiza-

tion in central Kenya, some

senior women had much

 (50)       authority.  Thus, Robertson          所以CR修改了自己的假设，

revised her hypothesis                殖民前的非洲，年龄主导程度是

somewhat, arguing that               有差别的。

in determining authority in

precolonial Africa age was a

 (55)       primary principle that super-

seded gender to varying

degrees depending on the

situation.