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1. 大型器材的运输
某municipality在讨论在港口建某项目需要的大型器材究竟该怎么从内陆运过来。用公路运输比较贵，用一个半废弃的canal运输的运输成本比公路低很多，所以建议使用canal
问weaken
P：用公路运输比较贵，用一个半废弃的canal运输的运输成本比公路低很多
方案：使用canal运输
方向：成本并没有降低，反而会有增加出其他的很多成本
2. 心血管疾病
C-reactive protein level是arterial inflammation（动脉炎症）的indicator。而arterial inflammation是cardiovascular diseases（心血管疾病）的一种。有一组实验，进行体育锻炼的人血液内C-reactive protein的level下降.对照组中使用某种drug的人CRP也有drop。医生的结论是：这种drug对于降低心血管疾病风险的作用跟运动一样
问evaluate
相关因果
方向：相关性不存在；独立第三方因素；
*更正：两者作用机理不同
是否控制变量
3. 住院病人
City Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Careful investigations have recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first states the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.
B. The first is used to support the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second states that conclusion.
C. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the position that the city official’s argument opposes.
D. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
E. The first states the position that the city official’s argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
C
第一句话支持Critics的观点
第二句话是City Official的结论 |
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发表于 2023-4-11 17:11:26
