【揽瓜阁4.0】恩恩NN打卡帖

恩恩NN · 发表于 2021-1-17 20:16:26

【揽瓜阁4.0】恩恩NN打卡帖一起加油~!!

恩恩NN · 发表于 2021-1-18 13:49:48

Day 1 【社会科学-企业】【社会科学-经济】
原文链接 https://forum.chasedream.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1375860&extra=page%3D1%26filter%3Dtypeid%26typeid%3D169

【阅读文章1】Pinduoduo faces growing PR crisis over employee death.

Main ideas >>>

China’s fastest-growing ecommerce group Pinduoduo is facing a growing public relations crisis and an investigation into its working conditions after one of its employees died after collapsing on her way home from work.

Structure >>>

News of an emlpoyee's death —— Revived concerns over the brutal work culture at tech companies, esp. at Pinduoduo (996, higher pay, failed to change, succeeded in powering rocketing revenues) —— Further negetive news (the post on Zhihu, the errant post by Li, responses from Pinduoduo) —— No more comments from Pinduoduo

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

The long hours often expected of employees are known as “996” — meaning they start work at 9am, leave at 9pm and work six days a week. expect可加任何介词
The sector’s exhausting working weeks have come under fire in the past. 收到批评
Last year, the company’s workforce succeeded in powering rocketing revenue.
Some Chinese netizens blamed the company and condemned its handling of events, with some even calling for a boycott of its platform.
The post went viral, despite being quickly deleted, leading Pinduoduo to claim that it was a fake. 疯狂扩散、传播

【阅读文章2】Economic Scene;Good news for the down and out, or are the data misleading?

Main ideas >>>

The Cox-Alm study suggests that there is no worry about the large variations between those at the top and bottom. This finding is against by many researchers.

Structure >>>

The Cox-Alm study (Most Americans struggling to make ends meet are on the fast track to affluence. Opportunity matters more than equality.) is making big waves among the movers and shakers of the political right —— A close look: not confidence-building —— Other perspectives against the study

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

Meanwhile, 29 percent of them had managed to grab the brass ring, ending up in the top fifth. 获得成功
The large and growing variations between those at the top and bottom that have been reported by the Census are cause for disquiet.
What does all this add up to?
We have long known that mobility partially offsets the impact of inequality. It's still unclear by how much.

And their conclusions are nothing short of remarkable. 简直就是

恩恩NN · 发表于 2021-1-20 20:50:12

Day 2 【人文科学-女权】
原文链接 https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1375887-1-2.html

【阅读文章2】Women and Property across Colonial America: A Comparison of Legal Systems in New Mexico and New York  阅读时间：5min 整理时间：20min

Main ideas >>>

LAW was one of the main determinants of women’s experiences in colonial America. It mattered if a woman lived in a colony controlled by a common law system (as in England) or a civil law system (such as that of Spain).

Structure >>>

Law was essential to women —— Two law systmes: common law system and civil law system —— civil law systems were far more protective of women’s property than the common law system was —— an example that shows a civil law system (Dutch) giving way to a common law (English) system

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

When travelers from the United States later encountered Spanish—American law, they scornfully dismissed it as inferior to Anglo-American law. 轻蔑地不予理会  次的、级别低的
This may not seem to fit the common perception of Spanish law and culture as being particularly patriarchal; it may seem contrary to the assumption that Spanish men expected to exert authority over wives and continued to control children until marriage. And it may not seem consistent with the perception of English law as being more individualistic than Continental European legal systems.    as+doing/adj.=that+从句运用，发挥；施以影响
Nevertheless, a comparison of women’s lives under two different colonial legal regimes shows that women gained tangible benefits (from civil law systems) (that they did not enjoy under common law).
New Mexico provides a good example of the impact of Spanish law on colonial women, while New York provides a more complex example of a civil law system (Dutch) giving way to a common law (English) system.    给...让路，为...所替代
During her marriage, the woman’s own property (bienes parafernales) legally remained under her control and could not be sold by the husband. She had the right to dispose of this property by will without her husband’s consent.  她有权不经丈夫同意而立遗嘱处置此财产。

恩恩NN · 发表于 2021-1-20 22:57:45

Day 3 【自然科学-科技】【自然科学-气候】
原文链接 https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1375850-1-1.html

【阅读文章1】What quantum computers reveal about innovation：Venture capital is often the last guest to arrive at the party    阅读时间7min 整理时间25min
Main ideas >>>

Quantum computing has a plenty of advantages, and may change the world greatly from many aspects. Governments such as America, Britain, China and Germany, and companies such as IBM, have put a great deal of efforts and money into developing quantum technologies. But before quantum computing being used commercially, there are still a lot of things to do.

Structure >>>

Quantum computing born in 1981 —— Some people believe that quantum computing is not mature enough for commerce, but VC investors argue that immature machines are commercially useful —— Advantages of quantum computing —— Difficulties in building a quantum computer (risks, previous steps and progress) —— Still needs much less celebrated, less glamorous work

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

这篇生词有些多，但是今天看过悠悠阅读法和mindfree active reading之后，对文章框架的掌握变好了很多，明白了每段段意和段与段之间的关系，没有像以前那样受到生词的影响～也有可能是因为TE文章写得规范hhh
Venture capital is beginning to flow into companies (built around quantum computers), as investors make a bold—possibly foolhardy—bet that even the limited, error-prone, unstable machines (that make up the state-of-the-art today) may prove commercially useful.    风险资本开始流入(围绕量子计算机建立的)公司，因为投资者们大胆(可能是鲁莽的)押注，认为即使是构成当今最先进技术的有限的、容易出错的、不稳定的计算机也可能被证明在商业上有用。
If those bets pay off, it would be good news, and not just for investors. positive+
The field’s progress is interesting for another reason. 介绍advantage的表达方式

【阅读文章2】Mini ice age    阅读时间6min 整理时间22min

Main ideas >>>

Earth's warming could ultimately lead to a mini-ice age, and the transition point is not far away from now.

Structure >>>

A paradox: global warming will lead to the next mini-ice age —— Warming causes the freshwater trend —— The trend could cause a mini-ice age (by subverting the northern penetration of Gulf Stream waters) —— Alert: we are vergeing to a transition point

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

In his cluttered office, full of soft light from the foggy Cape Cod morning, he explains how such warming could actually be the surprising culprit of the next mini-ice age.    凌乱的    犯人，罪犯；被控犯罪的人
No one is certain where the fresh torrents are coming from, but a prime suspect is melting Arctic ice, caused by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps solar energy.
Bob Dickson, a British oceanographer who sounded an alarm at a February conference in Honolulu, has termed the drop (in salinity and temperature in the Labrador Sea—a body of water between northeastern Canada and Greenland that adjoins the Atlantic—)"arguably the largest full-depth changes observed in the modern instrumental oceanographic record." 敲响警钟    盐度/盐分    可以说是现代海洋仪器记录中观测到的最大的全深度变化
The trend could cause a little ice age by subverting the northern penetration of Gulf Stream waters.    颠覆、推翻、破坏
At some point, the whole system could simply shut down, and do so quickly. "There is increasing evidence that we are getting closer to a transition point, from which we can jump to a new state. Small changes, such as a couple of years of heavy precipitation or melting ice at high latitudes, could yield a big response," says Joyce.    在某个时刻，整个系统可能会迅速关闭。“越来越多的证据表明，我们正在接近一个转折点，我们可以从这个转折点跳到一个新的状态。小的变化，比如几年的强降水或高纬度地区的冰融化，都可能产生巨大的反应，”乔伊斯说。

恩恩NN · 发表于 2021-1-21 14:02:44

Day 4 【社会科学-法律】【社会科学-气候】
原文链接 https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1375851-1-1.html

【阅读文章2】Hispanic Law Water Right    阅读+整理时间80min

The Mission Inn in Riverside, California, is a luxury hotel constructed in 1902 to evoke "the Old California of missions and ranchos," according to its promotional pamphlet. Consistent with this image, the builders filled an entire city block with arches, bell towers, flying buttresses, domes, fountains, wrought-iron balconies, and Tiffany stained-glass windows. (An ornate, turn-of-the-century fantasy of Hispanic architecture,) the Inn is completely unlike the unornamented adobe structures that existed in the Southwest before the Americans came.
位于加州河滨市的Mission Inn是一家豪华酒店，建于1902年，根据其宣传小册子，它让人联想起“老加州的Mission和ranchos”。与这一形象相一致的是，建造者用拱门、钟塔、飞扶壁、圆顶、喷泉、铸铁阳台和蒂凡尼彩色玻璃窗填满了整个街区。这是一个华丽的、世纪之交的西班牙式建筑，完全不同于美国人到来之前存在于美国西南部的未经装饰的土坯建筑。

Similarly, late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century state courts developed elaborate theories of water rights ostensibly based on Hispanic law, but which bore no resemblance to actual Spanish and Mexican legal traditions. Despite their awareness of the historical reality of communal water-sharing practices, American judges asserted that municipal and riparian water rights originating in the Hispanic period were absolute and exclusive.' These doctrines of absolute water rights, legitimated water monopoly and accumulation in the hands of a few cities and landowners. In some states, this version of Hispanic law persists: in 1975, the California Supreme Court reaffirmed Los Angeles's paramount "pueblo water right" to its local watershed on the basis of stare decisis, despite extensive trial court findings that the right had no historical basis.'
似地，19世纪末和20世纪初，州法院发展了详尽的水权理论，表面上以西班牙法律为基础，但实际上与西班牙和墨西哥的法律传统并不相似。尽管美国法官意识到公共用水共享的历史现实，但他们认为起源于西班牙时期的市政和河岸用水权是绝对的和排他的。这些关于绝对水权、合法的水垄断和少数城市和土地所有者手中的积累的理论。在一些州，这种版本的西班牙语法律仍然存在:1975年，加州最高法院在遵循先例的基础上，重申了洛杉矶对当地分水岭的最高“普韦布洛水权”，尽管大量初审法院发现这项权利没有历史依据。

In contrast to the common law water regime of riparian and prior appropriation rights emphasizing individual property interests, a communal water system prevailed in the Hispanic Southwest. Legal historians of the Spanish and Mexican periods have shown that far from being absolute and exclusive, water rights were shared between municipalities and other users, especially in times of shortage. This communal water system also restricted the private sector, for riparian owners did not automatically have the right to irrigate their own property, but needed an express or implied grant of water in addition to land. These communal (water use) patterns can be traced back to regional sharing arrangements in medieval Spain and are still practiced in parts of the contemporary Southwest. Based on this historical evidence, many scholars of western water law in the American period have criticized nineteenth- and twentieth-century state courts for distorting Hispanic traditions. However, the legal historians who have attempted to explain this distortion have attributed it to a judicial "loss of Hispanic learning" or to parties failing to present documents on Spanish and Mexican water law to the courts. None of these scholars has examined the contemporary background of the key nineteenth- and early twentieth century cases to evaluate the context of these decisions, and none has researched court files to determine the extent to which judges knowingly misused Hispanic law.
与普通法的河岸水制度和强调个人财产利益的优先占有权不同，西班牙西南部盛行公共水制度。西班牙和墨西哥时期的法律历史学家表明，水权并非绝对和排他的，而是由市政当局和其他使用者分享的，特别是在缺水的时候。这种公共供水系统也限制了私营部门，因为河岸所有者并不自动拥有灌溉自己财产的权利，但需要在土地之外明示或暗示授予水。这些公共用水模式可以追溯到中世纪西班牙的区域共享安排，现在仍在西南部部分地区使用。基于这一历史证据，许多研究美国西部水法的学者批评19世纪和20世纪的州法院扭曲了西班牙裔传统。然而，试图解释这种扭曲现象的法律历史学家将其归因于司法上的“西班牙语学习的丧失”，或当事人未能向法院提交有关西班牙和墨西哥水法的文件。这些学者都没有研究过19世纪和20世纪早期关键案件的当代背景，以评估这些判决的背景，也没有研究过法庭文件，以确定法官故意滥用西班牙法律的程度。

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

evoke: [ VN ] ( formal ) to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind
rancho: [ C ] 牧场上工人的棚屋；牧场
arch: [ C ] a curved structure that supports the weight of sth above it, such as a bridge or the upper part of a building
      [ C ] a structure with a curved top that is supported by straight sides, sometimes forming an entrance or built as a monument
      [ C ] the raised part of the foot formed by a curved section of bones
      [ VN ] if you arch part of your body, or if it arches , it moves and forms a curved shape
dome: a round roof with a circular base  例：the dome of St Paul's Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂的穹顶
wrought-iron: a form of iron used to make decorative fences, gates, etc.
ornate: covered with a lot of decoration, especially when this involves very small or complicated designs
turn of the century: 世纪之交；19世纪与20世纪转换交替时期；19世纪末20世纪初
Turn of the century, in its broadest sense, refers to the transition from one century to another. The term is most often used to indicate a distinctive time period either before or after the beginning of a century or both before and after.Where no specific century is stated, the term usually refers to the most recent transition of centuries.The British English view of the meaning of the phrase the 'turn of the nineteenth century' is that it refers to the years immediately preceding and immediately following 1801, the 'turn of the twentieth century' to the years surrounding 1901, and so on.The American English view is not so clear cut. According to the Chicago Manual of Style, there is no common agreement as to the meaning of the phrase "turn of the n-th century." For instance, if a statement describes an event as taking place "at the turn of the 18th century," it could refer to a period around the year 1700 or around 1800, that is, the beginning or end of that century. As such, they recommend using only "turn of the century," and only in a context that makes clear which transition is meant.The period around the turn of the 1st century of a millennium can also be called the "turn of the millennium." For example, the period 1981–2020 can be described both as the "turn of the 21st century" and the "turn of the 3rd millennium."
unornamented: un- + ornamented 朴素的
adobe: mud that is dried in the sun, mixed with straw and used as a building material
ostensibly: 表面上地
resemblance: [ C U ] ~ (to sb/sth) | ~ (between A and B) the fact of being or looking similar to sb/sth
municipal: [ usually before noun ] connected with or belonging to a town, city or district that has its own local government
riparian: [ usually before noun ]

( technical 术语 ) growing in, living in, or relating to areas of wet land near to a river or stream 生长（或栖息）在河边湿地的；河边的

( law 律 ) on, near or relating to the bank of a river 堤岸（上）的；堤岸近处的

paramount: more important than anything else
( formal ) having the highest position or the greatest power China's paramount leader 中国的最高领导人
watershed: [ C ] ~ (in sth) an event or a period of time that marks an important change 转折点，分界线，分水岭（标志着重大变化的事件或时期）

例：
The middle decades of the 19th century marked a watershed in Russia's history. 19世纪中叶标志着俄国历史的转折点。

[ C ] a line of high land where streams on one side flow into one river, and streams on the other side flow into a different river 分水线；分水岭；分水界
( the watershed ) [ sing. ] (in Britain) the time before which programmes that are not considered suitable for children may not be shown on television （英国）儿童不宜节目可在电视上播放的起始时间

例：
the 9 o'clock watershed 可开播儿童不宜电视节目的晚上9点钟时限

distort: [ VN ] to change the shape, appearance or sound of sth so that it is strange or not clear
例：a fairground mirror that distorts your shape 露天游乐场的哈哈镜
例：The loudspeaker seemed to distort his voice. 他的声音从喇叭里传出来好像失真了。

to twist or change facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer correct or true 歪曲；曲解

例：
Newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth. 报章常犯歪曲事实的错误。
例：
The article gave a distorted picture of his childhood. 这篇文章对他的童年作了歪曲的描述。

Main ideas and Structure>>>

这篇文章从单词和内容上都难倒了我。第一段看懂了，第二段模模糊糊，第三段没有生词，但是翻译成汉语我也不知道在讲什么... SOS哭了

恩恩NN · 发表于 2021-1-22 23:51:24

Day 5 【人文科学-音乐】【社会科学-经济】
原文链接 https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1375854-1-1.html

【阅读文章1】The pandemic has changed China’s nightclubs：It has given local DJs a chance to shine 时间：15min

Main ideas >>>

The passage mainly talks about the changes in China's nightclubs with the waves of pandemic.

Structure >>>

para 1: 引入话题：疫情期间夜店入场程序稍显繁琐，但热闹依旧para 2: 尽管下半年才完全解封，但夜店生意仍火爆
para 3: 疫情带来的变化：夜店DJ本土化
para 4: 疫情带来的变化：夜店文化在大本营意外城市扎根发展
para 5: 音乐人仍看中外国DJ文化，而狂欢客则有曲尽欢

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

Party animals must prove that they have not travelled anywhere (they might have picked up covid-19), by showing doormen a code generated by a government mobile app.
Ezzz, a Chinese dj and music producer, grumbles that many of the djs who have gained new followings during the pandemic are proficient performers but do not “understand electronic music culture”.

【阅读文章2】Review: Jim Crow's Offense 时间：25min

Main ideas >>>

The article mainly presents two related interpretive debates on the nature and evolution of race relations in the South and the shifting responses to oppression.

Structure >>>

McMillen engages two related interpretive debates on the nature and evolution of race relations in the South
First: the social relations of slavery gave way to an"informal code of exclusion and discrimination", which in turn evolved into legally mandated separation and disfranchisement.
Second: race relations were not functions of class relations; if white supremacy was an ideology, it was not merely an ideology.
Three stages of the dark journey

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

Identifying white supremacy as the most salient and pervasive force in Mississippi's history between Reconstruction and the New Deal, McMillen engages two related interpretive debates on the nature and evolution of race relations inthe South.

恩恩NN · 发表于 2021-1-23 23:35:27

Day 6 【自然科学-生物】【自然科学-天文】
原文链接 https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1375855-1-1.html

今天要表扬一下自己，上午去医院诊断轻度到中度抑郁，本来连续几天情绪都很低落，什么事都不想做，但想到今天不打卡就会被踢出群了，还是咬咬牙打开电脑啃起了阅读。这大概就是参与打卡的意义吧，给自己找到一个ddl，一天也算做了一点有意义的事情。意外得是今天两篇阅读没有之前那么难，整理时间缩短了很多，连续六天隐隐约约养成了一点阅读习惯。感谢CD～感谢小分队～

【阅读文章1】What really killed the dinosaurs?Lingering doubts about the cause of a mass extinction are put to rest

Main ideas >>>

Discussions around the real carse of the mass extinction of dinosaurs. 这一篇结构和内容都很清晰，生词没有影响阅读

Structure >>>

Para 1: Most people believe that the mass extinction of dinosaurs was caused by a collision between Earth and a very large space rock and its aftermaths.Para 2: Some different views: The hit is only a straw. Toxic and climate-changing gases from volcanic eruptions are the main cause. Reason 1: 之前两次大灭绝出现火山爆发, without any strike. Reason 2: Several other large bolides are known to have arrived at various times in the past without accompanying extinctions. 这不就是CR吗！！削弱A➡️B：1. 举例B happens但A没有 2. 举例A happens但B没有
Para 3: Dr Hull's paper: the hit caused the extinction, not the volcanoes.
Para 4: Sources from where Dr Hull and her fellows gathered data
Para 5: Made a deduction through data and findings

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

Toxic and climate-changing gases from these eruptions, they suggest, were the underlying cause of the mass extinction that did for the dinosaurs—a point of view backed up by the fact that two earlier mass extinctions, those at the ends of the Permian and Triassic periods, coincided with similar eruptions while showing no sign of an asteroid strike.
It shows that though the Deccan Traps eruptions, as this period of volcanism is known, went on over the course of around 1m years, they did most of their atmospheric damage about 200,000 years before the dinosaurs disappeared. So it was indeed, the team conclude, the impact that caused the extinction, not the volcanoes. 持续一百万年 20万年前

时间：15 min

【阅读文章2】The search for dark matter in the recent majestic universe

Main ideas >>>

Discussion on what made up the dark matter

Structure >>>

General clues by astronomical observation and theory: not rotons, neutrons, or anything that was once made of protons or neutrons
Not neutrinos: too lightweight and too hot
Most possible: cold dark matter
Supersymmetry: a mainstream theory involving cold dark matter
最后一段又被琐碎细节影响了，没有看清意思，被单词扰乱了Orz

Sentences & Vocabulary >>>

Although the neutralino is heavy by normal standards, it is generally thought to be the lightest supersymmetric particle. If so, it has to be stable: if a superparticle is unstable, it must decay into two lighter superparticles, and the neutralino is already the lightest. As the name implies, the neutralino has zero charge, so it is unaffected by electromagnetic forces (such as those involving light). The hypothesized mass, stability and neutrality of the neutralino satisfy all the requirements of cold dark matter.

虽然中性微子按正常标准来说很重，但它通常被认为是最轻的超对称粒子。如果是这样，它必须是稳定的:如果一个超粒子是不稳定的，它必须衰变成两个更轻的超粒子，而中性微子已经是最轻的了。顾名思义，中性微子是零电荷的，所以它不受电磁力的影响(比如那些涉及光的力)。假设中中微子的质量、稳定性和中性满足冷暗物质的所有要求。

时间：20min

【揽瓜阁4.0】恩恩NN打卡帖

所属分类: GMAT考试

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()