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https://www.sciencenews.org/article/moths-mimic-dont-eat-me-sounds?tgt=nr
Moths mimic 'Don't eat me' sounds
BY SUSAN MILIUS
2:10PM, JUNE 19, 2007
Some moths defend themselves from hungry bats by mimicking the sounds of other, bad-tasting moths, according to new tests. This trick represents the first confirmed acoustic example of classic defensive mimicry.
The study's unpalatable moths, members of the tiger moth family, pick up noxious chemicals from plants that they feed on as caterpillars. A bat unwise enough to catch one of these moths typically spits it out fast.
When a bat swoops near, tiger moths make bursts of "click-click-click" sounds. A young bat hearing clicks and then snagging a vile mouthful learns to avoid the moths, according to earlier work by William E. Conner at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, N.C.
To see whether other moths could protect themselves by mimicking those clicks, Jesse Barber, also at Wake Forest, raised bats from babyhood in large, netted enclosures where he could control when they first encountered various prey.
第二段就说某个人进行了 2个实验第一个就是将tiger moth从小就喂养然后和10只bat 放一起 5天过后所有moth都可以骗过bat吧这个人又换了一种moth和tigermoth特点一样的发现刚放进去的时候这种moth不能骗过bat 但过段时间大多数都能第二个实验是将另外一种和tigermoth 特点不一样的moth放来和bat一起发现这种moth 是通过模仿对bat有害的或者bat觉得不美味的动物的声音来避免被捕食的
At some point, he included clicking, unpalatable tiger moths among the nightly flying snacks. After 5 nights, all the bats had learned to avoid this species. Then Barber substituted a different tiger moth species. A few bats sampled the newcomers before avoiding them, but the majority avoided them from the outset.
科学家做了实验。把小蝙蝠养大，这些蝙蝠从来没有尝过tigermoth。然后让他们吃Tigermoth，蝙蝠很倒胃口，并记住了Tigermoth的声音。实验一，给他们喂味道也很差的蛾子，这种蛾子的声音和Tigermoth的很像。蝙蝠不吃。实验二，给他们喂一种较milkweed的蛾子，这种蛾子很美味，也会模仿Tigermoth的声音。蝙蝠也不吃。
In another experiment, Barber offered milkweed tussock moths to 10 bats. These moths click, but they’re palatable. Three bats discovered that the new moths were edible, but the other seven didn’t catch on.
That means clicking works both a Müllerian mimicry (two unpalatable species benefiting by making similar sounds that predators can learn by catching either one) and Batesian mimicry (edible prey borrowing an “unpalatable” signal), says Barber.
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发表于 2018-12-24 22:40:35
