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Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—aprocedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percentbenefited from the surgery. Thus it appears that for one in four such patients,the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risksand expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skillsand in their fee than in helping the patient. Which of the following, if true, mostseriously undermines the argument? A Many of the patients who receive coronarybypass surgery are less than 55 years old. B Possible benefits of coronary bypasssurgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life. C Most of the patients in the surveydecided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that thesurgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks. D The patients over 65 years old who didnot benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as thosewho did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior toundergoing it. E The patients who underwent coronarybypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable,prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit. 这是prep破解版08的一道题，看了Helr的解析，归类为果因推理，不过我自己的思路却把它归成相关-因果推理，请问合理吗？
这是Helr的解析：
情景：在65岁以上做心脏搭桥手术的人种，只有75%的人是从这个手术中获益的。因此，一种可能是，对于4个病人中的1个人来说，医生劝他做手术是为了锻炼技术和得到手术费。 推理：在逻辑上，前提和结论中描述的事件是不同的。并且，由于医生劝他做手术必须先是为了锻炼技术和得到手术费，才有可能发生在65岁以上做心脏搭桥手术的人种，只有75%的人是从这个手术中获益的这个现象。由此可知，推理文段是果因推理。 顺序的因果逻辑：因为医生劝病人做手术是为了锻炼技术和得到手术费，所以在65岁以上做心脏搭桥手术的人种，只有75%的人是从这个手术中获益的 （果）前提：在65岁以上做心脏搭桥手术的人种，只有75%的人是从这个手术中获益的 （因）结论：医生劝病人做手术是为了锻炼技术和得到手术费 答案选项中要么给出产生“在65岁以上做心脏搭桥手术的人种，只有75%的人是从这个手术中获益的”的另外一个原因，要么讨论“医生劝病人做手术是为了锻炼技术和得到手术费”与“在65岁以上做心脏搭桥手术的人种，只有75%的人是从这个手术中获益的”之间的关系
这是我的思路：一个手术，只有75%的几率成功；因此推导出，四个人中有一个病人，医生劝他做手术的态度是多锻炼自己的能力而不是帮助这个病人—削弱 相关-因果推理：统计关联
感谢各位大佬指教！！！
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发表于 2018-10-5 16:54:09
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