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Working memory is the process of maintaining a limited amount of information in an active representation for a brief period of time so that it is available for use. Therefore, by de¢nition, working memory includes those processes that enable us to hold in our `mind's eye' the contents of our conscious awareness, even in the absence of sensory input. Thus, the study of working memory
provides a framework for investigating the neural system underlying our awareness of stimuli, memories and knowledge that are no longer tied to perceptual events. Although the neural system responsible for working memory is known to include a large number of brain regions, there is abundant evidence from neurophysiological and lesion studies in monkeys that prefrontal cortex is a critical component (Fuster 1990; Goldman Rakic 1990). Recent brain-imaging studies, using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have also implicated the human prefrontal cortex in working memory. However, there remain questions and somedispute about the functional organization of the human prefrontal cortex and its exact role in working memory.
Here we summarize the evidence for working memory-related activity within human prefrontal cortex. We then present evidence for domain speci¢city within frontal cortex for object working memory as opposed to spatial visual working memory. We also review evidence suggesting an additional dimension of domain speci¢city for object working memory based on whether the type of representation is analytic or image-like. In addition, we discuss evidence suggesting a third dimension for the specialization of working memory function in prefrontal cortex that distinguishes regions important for the maintenance of the contents held in working memory from regions important for the manipulation of those contents.
Finally, we consider the relationship of prefrontal areas important for working memory, both to posterior visual processing areas and to prefrontal areas associated with long-term memory.
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发表于 2017-12-14 12:00:06
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