逻辑分类之类比

zhaokai09 · 发表于 2015-9-27 16:54:15

本帖的目的帮助大家看清楚类比特征

类比的最大特征是结论中出现比较，到底是不是这样的呢？

Guidebook writer: I have visited hotels throughout the country and have noticed that in those built before 1930 the quality of the original carpentry work is generally superior to that in hotels built afterward. Clearly carpenters working on hotels before 1930 typically worked with more skill, care, and effort than carpenters who have worked on hotels built subsequently.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the guidebook writer’s argument?
(A) The quality of original carpentry in hotels is generally far superior to the quality of original carpentry in other structures , such as houses and stores.
(B)  Hotels built since 1930 can generally accommodate more guests than those built before 1930.
(C)  The materials available to carpenters working before 1930 were not significantly different in quality from the materials available to carpenters working after 1930.
(D)  The better the quality of original carpentry in a building, the less likely that building is to fall into disuse and be demolished.
(E)  The average length of apprenticeship for carpenters has declined significantly since 1930.

这个题是类比么？如果按照类比根本无法解题，关键在于类比是对两个事物，这题出现了四个事物，也就是，两对不同时间。
类比的特征其实是题干中只提及两个事物同时需要提到其相似性，这两个事物可以是同一事物的不同时间，或者同一时间不同事物

那现在看看真正的类比吧

One variety of partially biodegradable plastic beverage container is manufactured from small bits of plastic bound together by a degradable bonding agent such as cornstarch. Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable onbiodegradable containers are discarded.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
(A)  Both partially biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers can be crushed completely flat by refuse compactors.
(B)  The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are made with more plastic than comparable nonbiodegradable ones in order to compensate for the weakening effect of the bonding agents.
(C)  Many consumers are ecology-minded and prefer to buy a product sold in the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers rather than in nonbiodegradable containers, even if the price is higher.
(D)  The manufacturing process for the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers results in less plastic waste than the manufacturing process for nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers.
(E)  Technological problems with recycling currently prevent the reuse as food or beverage containers of the plastic from either type of plastic beverage container.

这道题可以看做同一时间两事物对比

Although the discount stores in Goreville’s central shopping district are expected to close within five years as a result of competition from a SpendLess discount department store that just opened, those locations will not stay vacant for long. In the five years since the opening of Colson’s, a nondiscount department store, a new store has opened at the location of every store in the shopping district that closed because it could not compete with Colson’s.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
(A)  Many customers of Colson’s are expected to do less shopping there than they did before the SpendLess store opened.
(B)  Increasingly, the stores that have opened in the central shopping district since Colson’s opened have been discount stores.
(C)  At present, the central shopping district has as many stores operating in it as it ever had.
(D)  Over the course of the next five years, it is expected that Goreville’s population will grow at a faster rate than it has for the past several decades.
(E)  Many stores in the central shopping district sell types of merchandise that are not available at either SpendLess or Colson’s.

同一事物不同时间类比，awa中依赖于两个不同时间点其他条件都没有发现变化，这种例子比较难找，因为大多都是果因关系，不能按照类比来解题
比如说这道题，看似类比，最好按照果因关系解题

Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A)  The number of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.
(B)  Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances.
(C)  Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than they were ten years ago.
(D)  The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston.
(E)  Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’s population now than they did ten years ago.

如果该题题干改为：schoolchildren were exposed to same quantities of certain chemicals as schoolchildren are today. But recent report indicates that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years.  explain the discrepancy?
因为这种明显表明了是在进行类比，而上面的题的本意是在要求你分析导致它的原因

因为我个人认为，分类只是帮助解题，不要过多的为分类而纠结，分类只是让你认清题目的本质，这就是为什么Ron说，GMAT的逻辑最重要的是简化信息，简化到9岁孩子的程度，最后用common-sense就可以解决。可能有的时候过多追求分类反而浪费了真正分析和解决的时间。

个人意见大家一起讨论

PS. If you are having trouble with CR problems,the logic of the passage will NEVER be the issue. The issue willALWAYS be that you're having trouble personalizing / connecting intuitivelywith the material in the question (by ron).

逻辑分类之类比

所属分类: GMAT考试

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