OG 11th (紫色) #78

AlienX

看不明白OG的解釋是從哪裡來的.
它說A不對, 因為:
This statement reverses the order: the more general intellectual trends in English history influenced individualist feminism.

根據上面的答案, 文章是有提...可是我看不出文章有提到任何"intellectual trends".  有人可以解釋一下嗎?

原文:

    

Two
modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women's emancipation in
Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the “relational” feminist
tradition maintain the doctrine of “equality in difference” or equity as
distinct from equality. They posit that biological distinctions between the
sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and
throughout society and that women's pro-creative labor is currently undervalued
by society, to the disadvantage of women. By contrast, the individualist
feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rights and celebrates women's
quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles
and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant responsibilities.

    

Before
the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement,
often within the writings of the same individual. Between 1890 and 1920, however,
relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought, and
which still predominates among European and non Western feminists, lost ground
in England and the United States. Because
the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon
legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in
English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches
began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to
advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for a11. Relational
feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities
outside the home should be available for a11 women, continued to emphasize women's
special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers; they demanded
special treatment for women, including protective legislation for women workers,
state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework.

    

    Relational arguments have a major pitfall: because
they underline women's physiological and psychological distinctiveness, they
are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male
privilege. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying
the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions
as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family
roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim
for women's autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of
relational feminists,  a more fruitful
model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge.

AlienX

umm...忘記post原題:

    

78. The author of the passage alludes to the well-established
nature of the concept of individual rights in the Anglo-Saxon legal and
political tradition in order to

    

(A) illustrate the influence of individualist feminist
thought on more general intellectual trends in English history
(B) argue that feminism was already a part of the larger
Anglo-Saxon intellectual tradition, even though this has often gone unnoticed by
critics of women's emancipation
(C) explain the decline in individualist thinking among
feminists in non-English speaking countries
(D) help account for an increasing shift toward
individualist feminism among feminists in English-speaking countries
(E) account for the philosophical differences between individualist
and relational feminists in English-speaking countries

AlienX

patriarchal是什麼意思.
查了字典, 可是沒有一個解釋可以套在這一句:
But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying
the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions
as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family
roles important to many women.