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Joseph Glarthaar’s Forged in Battle is not the first excel- lent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers’ letters and diaries— including rare material from Black soldiers—and concen- (5) rates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of its predecessors. Glathaar’s title expresses his thesis: loyalty, friendship, and respect among White officers and Black soldiers were fostered by the mutual dangers they faced in combat. (10 ) Glarthaar accurately describes the government’s discrim- inatory treatment of Black soldiers in pay, promotion, medi cal care, and job assignments, appropriately emphasizing the campaign by Black soldiers and their officers to get the opportunity to fight. That chance remained limited through (15) out the war by army policies that kept most Black units serving in rear-echelon assignments and working in labor battalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was only one-third that of White units, their mortality rate from disease, a major killer in his war, was twice as great. (20) Despite these obstacles, the courage and effectiveness of several Black units in combat won increasing respect from initially skeptical or hostile White soldiers. As one White officer put it, “they have fought their way into the respect of all the army.” (25) In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this attitudi- nal change, however, Glarthaar seems to exaggerate the prewar racism of the White men who became officers in Black regiments. “Prior to the war,” he writes of these men, “virtually all of them held powerful racial prejudices.” (30) While perhaps true of those officers who joined Black units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this state- ment misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionists who became officers in Black regiments. Having spent years fighting against the race prejudice endemic in Ameri- (35) can society; they participated eagerly in this military experiment, which they hoped would help African Americans achieve freedom and postwar civil equality. By current standards of racial egalitarianism, these men’s paternalism toward African Americans was racist. But to call their (40) feelings “powerful racial prejudices” is to indulge in generational chauvinism—to judge past eras by present standards.
171. The passage suggests that which of the following was true of Black units’ disease mortality rates in the Civil War? (A) They were almost as high as the combat mortality rates of White units. (B) They resulted in part from the relative inexperience of these units when in combat. (C) They were especially high because of the nature of these units’ usual duty assignments. (D) They resulted in extremely high overall casualty rates in Black combat units. (E) They exacerbated the morale problems that were caused by the army’s discriminatory policies.
答案是C ,D为什么不对 D的意思是疾病是黑人在这场战争中死亡率非常高的原因 | 
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发表于 2006-6-4 20:52:00
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