【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑5-15】【OG10】

daisyの小夢想

预告预告：过了系列5我们就会完美升级咯~~！ hopehope快考试了，加油加油~~^^

101. Biological functions of many plants and animals vary in cycles that are repeated every 24 hours. It is
tempting to suppose that alteration in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these daily
biological rhythms. But there is much evidence to contradict this hypothesis.
Which of the following, if known, is evidence that contradicts the hypothesis stated in lines 2-5 above?
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and
the minimum in the morning.
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater
activity at night.
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their daily biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to
the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the
nucleus is removed.
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis
that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.

102. Although migraine headaches are believed to be caused by food allergies, putting patients on diets that
eliminate those foods to which the patients have been demonstrated to have allergic migraine reactions
frequently does not stop headaches. Obviously, some other cause of migraine headaches besides food allergies
much exist.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion above?
(A) Many common foods elicit an allergic response only after several days, making it very difficult to observe
links between specific foods patients eat and headaches they develop.
(B) Food allergies affect many people who never develop the symptom of migraine headaches.
(C) Many patients report that the foods that cause them migraine headaches are among the foods that they
most enjoy eating.
(D) Very few patients have allergic migraine reactions as children live migraine-free adult lives once they have
eliminated from their diets foods to which they have been demonstrated to be allergic.
(E) Very rarely do food allergies cause patients to suffer a symptom more severe than that of migraine
headaches.

103. The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers is a reflection of the kinds of demand they are
trying to meet. The only cyclists seriously interested in innovation and willing to pay for it are bicycle racers.
Therefore, innovation in bicycle technology is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purpose of
competition in bicycle races.
Which of the following is an assumption made in drawing the conclusion above?
(A) The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance
competition bicycles expands.
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations
developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major
manufacturing concerns.
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized
as standard for purposes of competition.
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture
a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about
innovative bicycle design.

104. Spending on research and development by United States businesses for 1984 showed an increase of about
8 percent over the 1983 level. This increase actually continued a downward trend evident since 1981 – when
outlays for research and development increased 16.4 percent over 1980 spending. Clearly, the 25 percent tax
credit enacted by Congress in 1981, which was intended to promote spending on research and development,
did little or nothing to stimulate such spending.
The conclusion of the argument above cannot be true unless which of the following is true?
(A) Business spending on research and development is usually directly proportional to business profits.
(B) Business spending for research and development in 1985 could not increase by more than 8.3%.
(C) Had the 1981 tax credit been set higher than 25%, business spending for research and development after
1981 would have increased more than it did.
(D) In the absence of the 25% tax credit, business spending for research and development after 1981 would not
have been substantially lower than it was.
(E) Tax credits market for specific investments are rarely effective in inducing businesses to make those investments.

105. Treatment for hypertension forestalls certain medical expenses by preventing strokes and heart disease.
Yet any money so saved amounts to only one-fourth of the expenditures required to treat the hypertensive
population. Therefore, there is no economic justification for preventive treatment for hypertension.
Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the conclusion above?
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical
expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment
were instituted on a large scale.
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.

daisyの小夢想

新手问：p表示什么，weaken表示什么。A:表示什么？别笑话啊，还不知道做逻辑题的程序。第一步干什么，第二步干什么。看了大牛的做逻辑逻辑题的方法。也知道有各类型的逻辑题，如何区分是什么类型？

-- by 会员 xyh (2011/11/17 18:45:21)

P表示premise前提，weaken表示削弱，我们这里是哪种题型就写哪种推测的方向。
逻辑题做题步骤建议：1. 先看问题 2. 看题干 3. 回顾逻辑链，预测方向 4. 看选项做出选择
题型，根据题目来区分，具体哪种问法属于哪种题型可以参考Critical Reasoning Bible。
呵呵。更多请见我的帖子：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-604672-1-1.html

xyh

新手问：p表示什么，weaken表示什么。A:表示什么？别笑话啊，还不知道做逻辑题的程序。第一步干什么，第二步干什么。看了大牛的做逻辑逻辑题的方法。也知道有各类型的逻辑题，如何区分是什么类型？

小意达de花儿

105
The saved amounts only 1/4 of expenditures required to treat the H
Conclusion: There is no economic justification for preventive treatment for H
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.[Bingo]
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment were instituted on a large scale.[Support]
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.[但是结论是：in economic consideration]
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly.[Irrelevant]
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.[Support]

小意达de花儿

104
The R&D in 1984 increased 8% over the 1983 level. This increase is a downward trend evident since 1981.
Conclusion: the 25% tax credit enacted in 1981 did little or nothing on promoting spending on R&D
(A) Business spending on research and development is usually directly proportional to business profits.[Irrelevant]
(B) Business spending for research and development in 1985 could not increase by more than 8.3%.[irrelevant]
(C) Had the 1981 tax credit been set higher than 25%, business spending for research and development after 1981 would have increased more than it did.[Weaken]
(D) In the absence of the 25% tax credit, business spending for research and development after 1981 would not have been substantially lower than it was.[Weaken]
(E) Tax credits market for specific investments are rarely effective in inducing businesses to make those investments.[Bingo]

小意达de花儿

103
是OG的么，做过的题啊
Only bicycle racers are interested in and willing to pay for bicycle manufacture innovation.
Conclusion: innovation in BT is limited by what authorities will accept as standard for purpose of competition in bicycle races.
(A) The market for cheap, traditional bicycles cannot expand unless the market for high-performance competition bicycles expands.[cheap B & H-P C B irrelevant]
(B) High-performance bicycles are likely to be improved more as a result of technological innovations developed in small workshops than as a result of technological innovations developed in major manufacturing concerns.[irrelevant]
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.[Bingo]
(D) The technological conservatism of bicycle manufacturers results primarily from their desire to manufacture a product that can be sold without being altered to suit different national markets.[irrelevant with different national markets]
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.[Weaken]

小意达de花儿

102
Migraine headaches are believed to be caused by food allergies.
转折：Put patients on diet that eliminates those foods that making patients have allergic reactions does not stop headaches.
Conclusion：There must be some other reasons cause migraine headaches.
(A) Many common foods elicit an allergic response only after several days, making it very difficult to observe links between specific foods patients eat and headaches they develop.[Bingo]
(B) Food allergies affect many people who never develop the symptom of migraine headaches.[irrelevant]
(C) Many patients report that the foods that cause them migraine headaches are among the foods that they most enjoy eating.[irrelevant to food preference]
(D) Very few patients have allergic migraine reactions as children live migraine-free adult lives once they have eliminated from their diets foods to which they have been demonstrated to be allergic.[irrelevant to age]
(E) Very rarely do food allergies cause patients to suffer a symptom more severe than that of migraine headaches.[irrelevant to how severe a allergic reaction is]

小意达de花儿

101
前提：Biological functions vary in cycles that are repeated every 24 hours.
结论：Alternation in the intensity of incident light is the stimulus that controls these daily biological rhythms.
削弱：Without the light, the biological functions still repeated every 24 hours.
(A) Human body temperature varies throughout the day, with the maximum occurring in the late afternoon and the minimum in the morning.[本选项light不是变量，afternoon&morning—都有light]
(B) While some animals, such as the robin, are more active during the day, others, such as mice, show greater activity at night.[与动物种类无关]
(C) When people move from one time zone to another, their daily biological rhythms adjust in a matter of days to the periods of sunlight and darkness in the new zone.[Support]
(D) Certain single-cell plants display daily biological rhythms even when the part of the cell containing the nucleus is removed.[nucleus无关]
(E) Even when exposed to constant light intensity around the clock, some algae display rates of photosynthesis that are much greater during daylight hours than at night.[Bingo]

ugly5552000

101.background:as the biological fuctions of human and animals repeat every 24 hours, it is supposed that the alternation in the intensity of incident light controles the cycling of biological rhythms.however, there is much of exceptions to contradict the hypothesis.
answer: B

102.background:although it is believe that allergic food will cause headache to patients, the headache continues when the headache patients eliminate the allergic food from their diets,so there should be other causes of headache rather than allergic food.
answer:A

103.background:the bycicle manufacturer is consevertive to meet the technical demands of their products. The bycicle racers are the only people interest in the innovations and willing to pay for them. The autority of bycicle race is the one who decide whether the innovation is acceptable  in the standard race, which is a limit to the bycicle innovation.
answer:B

104.background:in 1981, the 25% tax credit was enacted in order to promote the spending on developement and research, but the increase ratio of spending on developement and research from 1980-1983 shows a downward trend, so the 25% tax credit is useless.
answer: C

105.background:treatment for hypertension reduces the expenses on preventing strokes and heart disease.However, the money so saved only accounts one fourth of the expenses need to treat the hypertension population. So in the economical point of view, there is no need to continue the preventative treatment for hypertension.
answer:C

fox0923

105.
P: The save of medical expenses to 1/4 is required to have treatment for hypertension.
C: There is no economic treatment for hypertension.
W: A
(A) The many fatal strokes and heart attacks resulting from untreated hypertension cause insignificant medical
expenditures but large economic losses of other sorts.-->contender: 证明用在治疗上的一般都是不重要的医疗费用，所以不宜采用，这样就说明了不是因为没有economic treatment的问题了。
(B) The cost, per patient, of preventive treatment for hypertension would remain constant even if such treatment
were instituted on a large scale.--> support.
(C) In matters of health care, economic considerations should ideally not be dominant.--> support
(D) Effective prevention presupposes early diagnosis, and programs to ensure early diagnosis are costly. --> early diagnosis' cost is irrelevant.
(E) The net savings in medical resources achieved by some preventive health measures are smaller than the net losses attributable to certain other measures of this kind.--> savings are smaller than losses, that means there won't be economic treatment.