关于Ving用法—og12 sc 中21和og25比较，有点迷惑了

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-3 13:30:44

suridd，你举的都不矛盾的 咱从头说起，v-ing作为modifier，有两种，一种是noun modifier，一种是adverbial modifier，前者遵从touch rule（一般说来noun modifier都遵从touch rule）。 如果v-ing放在句首，那么就必然是作为noun modifier，修饰——主语（必然的，遵从touch rule，最近的noun当然是主语啦）。你给出的第二个例句: "Using ..., scholars ...."就是很典型的例子，"using ..."作为noun modifier，修饰scholars. 再看你的第一个例子： Neuroscientists, V-ing, verb + object. 这句话，v-ing也必然是noun modifier。为什么？ 你想啊，假如你当它是adverbial modifier，来修饰一个完整的句子(entire action)的话，在这里不存在，对不对？v-ing前面仅仅只有一个名词neuroscientists，并不存在一个clause (entire action)。而这句话"主谓宾"，v-ing插在了主语和谓语之间，破坏了这个“主谓宾”的intactness，所以不能作为adverbial modifier，而应该作为noun modifier，就说是插入成分，来描述这个主语。 

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21 Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. (A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are (B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are (C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are (D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, (E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood 正确答案是A，而D,El两个选项，首先错误是使句子逻辑重心发生变化，其次是Ving放在主谓宾结构之后，与谓语动词同时发生表伴随，此时用现在时修饰现在完成时的主句是错误的 在og sc 25中 Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, “the good goddess.” (A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers, (B) Basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts, (C) With accounts of various ancient writers used for a basis, (D) By the accounts of various ancient writers they used, (E) Using accounts of various ancient writers 正确答案是是E，using accounts of various ancient writers，主句中是scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities 这样是矛盾了么，还是using accounts of various ancient writers,仅仅就只修饰scholars吗？？还是using accounts of various ancient writers 是一个方式状语，并不要求从句时态与主句时态一致？？求解！！<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 Suri在奋斗 (2012/1/23 15:28:51)</div> 
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babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-3 13:47:36

赞~总结的不错 "介词/连词+doing/done,svo   注意分词的逻辑主语与s一致" 这么说很好~~其实这种情况，doing前面有介词(e.g.with)的时候，这部分既可能是noun modifier修饰主语，也可能是adverbial modifier（状语前置）修饰全句，但不管哪种情况，逻辑主语都跟S一致，你总结没错。 再加上：如果v-ing为于句子“内部”，前面没逗号，那肯定是noun modifier，修饰preceding noun

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 13:12:25

说得对。 "Based on..." 作为noun modifier修饰主语。但，不合逻辑 

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我顺便顶上来问问，SC25中A选项，Based on 为什么不对啊？因为逻辑主语错误么？<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 费兰明高 (2012/2/5 10:58:26)</div> 
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babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 14:36:24

赞！你说得对，确实是verb modifier，不是我说的noun modifier。不过要applies to the subject 

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v-ing作为modifier，有两种，一种是noun modifier，一种是adverbial modifier，前者遵从touch rule（一般说来noun modifier都遵从touch rule）。 如果v-ing放在句首，那么就必然是作为noun modifier，修饰——主语（必然的，遵从touch rule，最近的noun当然是主语啦）。你给出的第二个例句: "Using ..., scholars ...."就是很典型的例子，"using ..."作为noun modifier，修饰scholars. baby 姐  求问在manhattan "position of noun modifier"一章中，明确指出ving放在句首是verb modifier.： Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem. A present participle at the beginning of a scientist is often to made to be dangling.Although these form are technologically verb modifiers, they are still need a noun subject that make sence.<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 yiayia (2012/2/5 14:11:45)</div> 
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babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 15:55:38

赞~ 我个人觉得，你的第一点，"V-ing, SVO" 真不用非要说是noun modifier还是verb modifier，其实你给的2个例子都是一样，但一个说verb modifier一个说noun modifier，何必自己给自己添麻烦呢？

其实按Ron说的，不需要知道语法术语，需要recognize the pattern: "V-ing, SVO" 注意这种情况下"V-ing" should logically apply to the subject 就可以了 

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<div style="text-align:left;">帮大家总结下~~~ 1)V+ing,SVO 可以修饰主语、谓语 noun modifier or verb modifier </div> <div style="text-align:left;">Using the lastest technology, the engineer identified the problem.  （verb modifier） </div> <div style="text-align:left;">Using accounts of various ancient writers，scholarshave painted a sketchy picture of the activitiesof anall-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixthcentury B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin asBona Dea, “the good goddess.”  noun modifier </div> <div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 yiayia (2012/2/5 15:40:50)</div> 
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babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 15:58:53

3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语，句子   noun modifier,verb modifier or clause modifier "SVO, V-ing" 这种pattern， V-ing必须是verb modifier啊，毫无争议！ 不能作为noun modifier修饰前面那个object，否则必须没有逗号 http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 16:18:10

赞~这下清楚了~ 其实Manhattan SC的观点是，一切v-ing形式的时态都跟从它修饰的对象所在的clause的时态。 比如： I saw a man cleaning the street. I see a man cleaning the street. I will see a man cleaning the street. 这个"cleaning the street"的动作，依次是过去、现在、将来，也就是说跟从主句时态。 Anyway，有时候几种理解殊途同归.

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 16:27:33

这题昨天还是前天和suri讨论过，一定一定不能理解为修饰object!!!!!!!!! OG11-24For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. shields were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. 如果你认为这是个noun modifier，那么就是根据touch rule, 修饰military equipment，或者是"essential items of military equipment". 可是，你从意思上看，你觉得"protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears" 是military equipment的作用么？军事设备就是这么描述的？

显然，"protecting ..." 描述的是shields的作用，或者说补充说明这整个一句话的意思" shields were military equipment"，因此，一定一定是adverbial modifier. 类比： I am a Harvard student, entering my senior year.   （尽管我不是哈，编个句子） 显然，"entering my senior year"说的是我，或者修饰"I am a Harvard student"这件事情 不能理解为是一个noun modifier修饰"Harvard student"，因为你不能说所有哈佛学生都马上上大四。 

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3)SVO,V-ing 修饰谓语，句子   noun modifier,verb modifier or clause modifier "SVO, V-ing" 这种pattern， V-ing必须是verb modifier啊，毫无争议！ 不能作为noun modifier修饰前面那个object，否则必须没有逗号 http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html#162443<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/5 15:58:53)</div> 
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 但是存在下面这道，就是修饰 object OG11-24For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears. A. a method to protect B. as a method protecting C. Protecting（C） D. as a protection of E. to protect OG11的解释： The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment. A A method to protect is an awkward reference to items B The singular a method should not refer to the plural items, as a method protecting is not idiomatic C Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items. D Beginning the phrase with as is incorrect; using the noun form protection creates wordiness E The infinitive to protect cannot act as an adjective modifying items; the participial form of the verb, protecting, is required <div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 yiayia (2012/2/5 16:16:28)</div> 
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babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-5 16:36:56

链接过来好了 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-650744-3-1.html

babybearmm · 发表于 2012-2-13 10:43:23

你说得对，v-ed modifier和v-ing是不一样的，是noun modifier. from Ron       http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/building-on-civilizations-that-preceded-them-in-coastal-peru-t8434.html   past participles function as adjectives; they ALWAYS modify nouns.  it's actually impossible for a past participle to modify a whole clause. you're thinking of the rule for "clause + , + -ING", which doesn't extend to past participles. from Mitch    http://www.beatthegmat.com/sentence-correction-parallelism-og-q28-t86697.html Based does in fact modify society. NOUN + PAST PARTICIPLE (with no intervening comma) is used when the past participle modifier is needed to define the noun that it modifies: The Mohica developed a society based on the cultivation of crops. What kind of society?  A society based on the cultivation of crops.  Since the past participle modifier is defining the kind of society being discussed, it is not preceded by a comma. NOUN + COMMA + PAST PARTICIPLE is used when the past participle modifier does NOT define the noun that it modifies but simply provides additional information: The Mohica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of crops... What kind of society?  THEIR OWN ELABORATE society.  We don't need an additional modifier to define what society is being discussed.  Since the past participle modifier does not define the society but only provides additional information about the society, it is preceded by a comma. In less formal writing, a comma might be inserted before a past participle in order to indicate that the past participle refers to an earlier noun in the sentence: John entered the room, exhausted. In the sentence above, the comma is used to indicate that exhausted refers not to the room but to John.  This sort of construction is unlikely to appear in an OA.  On the GMAT, NOUN + COMMA + PAST PARTICIPLE generally will be used when the past participle provides non-defining information about the immediately preceding noun. 关于v-ing的几种考法，这个讨论也值得看： http://www.beatthegmat.com/ing-modifier-three-different-versions-in-og-t38943.html 针对有同学提到的OG56，Stacey在这里也提到了： An "-ed" modifier is a noun modifier, not an adverbial modifier, and should modify the closest primary noun preceding it (in the "comma -ed" setup). 

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baby姐，你好，看完讨论后对ving的用法清晰了很，再次感谢。有一个疑问过去分词修饰的时候与v-ing是不一样的吗？也就是说只能就近修饰前面的名词吗？ 例如：OG 12 28题， Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and the exploiting other wild and domestic resources. 这里的就是只能修饰society而不能修饰Mochica的对吗？<div style="text-align:right;">-- by 会员 Royzhang0929 (2012/2/13 9:49:08)</div> 
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关于Ving用法—og12 sc 中21和og25比较，有点迷惑了

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