OG42,以前的不明白

fdpy

我以为错在on sales of components，BI卖的应该是end product吧。

至于大N们解释的proft 和profit margin的区别，我在考试的时候一定是想不到的。

fdpy

我想了想ETS的出发点，其实可能没有我们想的那么复杂。

我把我自己设想的ETS的考点标为红色了。其中第二部分红色出现了和选项B非常相似的句子，不知道是不是ETS迷惑我们的地方，如果记忆力不够好或者逻辑没搞清楚，很可能误选。然而，其实ETS要考的是第一部红色。所以以前有NN将2部分都用来解释这一题为何选B。愚见

Modern manufacturers, who need reliable sources of materials and technologically advanced

components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult choice between owning the

producers of these items (a practice known as backward integration) and buying from independent

producers. Manufacturers who integrate may reap short-term rewards, but they often restrict their

future capacity for innovative product development.

Backward integration removes the need for some purchasing and marketing functions, centralizers

overhead, and permits manufacturers to eliminate duplicated efforts in research and development.

Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward

integration almost certainly boosts profits. Nevertheless, because product innovation means

adopting the most technologically advanced and cost-effective ways of making components,

backward integration may entail a serious risk for a technologically active company-for example,

a producer of sophisticated consumer electronics.

A company that decides to make rather than buy important parts can lock itself into an outdated

technology. Independent suppliers may be unwilling to share innovations with assemblers with

whom they are competing. Moreover, when an assembler sets out to master the technology of

producing advanced components, the resulting demands on its resources may compromise its

ability to assemble these components successfully into end products. Long-term contracts with

suppliers can achieve many of the same cost benefits as backward integration without

compromising a company’s ability to innovate.

However, moving away from backward integration is not a complete solution either. Developing

innovative technologies requires independent suppliers of components to invest huge sums in

research and development. The resulting low profit margins on the sale of components threaten the long-term financial stability of these firms. Because the ability of end-product assemblers to

respond to market opportunities depends heavily on suppliers of components, assemblers are often

forced to integrate by purchasing the suppliers of components just to keep their suppliers in

business.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-1-30 22:56:09编辑过]