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babybearmm

notoriously有贬义的意思哦，臭名昭著


notorious
widely and unfavorably known: a notorious gambler.

补：20120725 <第四期5-04科技> Science at the Olympics: Team science

notoriously [n?u't?:ri?sli] adv. 众所周知地
Anti-doping science is notoriously — some say unnecessarily — secretive; Bartlett says that he cannot reveal what drug-detection techniques will be rolled out at the London games.
-- by 会员 SarahOrange (2012/7/26 22:25:56)

SarahOrange

notoriously有贬义的意思哦，臭名昭著


notorious
widelyandunfavorablyknown:a notorious gambler.

补：20120725 <第四期5-04科技> Science at the Olympics: Team science

notoriously [n?u't?:ri?sli] adv. 众所周知地
Anti-doping science is notoriously — some say unnecessarily — secretive; Bartlett says that he cannot reveal what drug-detection techniques will be rolled out at the London games.
-- by 会员 SarahOrange (2012/7/26 22:25:56)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/8/2 12:11:13)

多谢baby指点！

SarahOrange

20120804 <第四期5-09文史哲> Eleanor Roosevelt, 1884-1962: She Was the Most Influential Wife of Any American President

legislator ['led??sle?t?]  n. 立法者
Franklin Roosevelt began his life in politics in New York. He was elected to be a state legislator.

polio ['p??l???] n. 小儿麻痹症（等于poliomyelitis）
In nineteen twenty-one, Franklin Roosevelt was struck by the terrible disease polio.

commentary ['kɑm?nt?ri] n. 评论
She wrote a daily newspaper commentary.

naval ['ne?v(?)l] adj. 海军的
The United States was forced to enter World War Two when Japanese forces attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in nineteen forty-one.

U.N. Human Rights Commission  联合国人权委员会
Later, Mrs. Roosevelt was elected chairman of the U.N. Human Rights Commission.

SarahOrange

20120804 <第四期5-10经管> Is Banking Unusually Corrupt, and If So, Why? Posner

refute [r?'fju?t] vt. 反驳
imprudent [?m'pru?d(?)nt] adj. 轻率的
downright ['da?nra?t] adj. 显明的
One has the impression—no more than that, but it is difficult even to imagine what “evidence” is obtainable that could confirm or refute the impression—that imprudent, unethical, unlawful, and downright criminal behavior is more common in large financial institutions (“banks,” as defined in the next paragraph) than in other, and otherwise comparable, business firms.

account for 对…负有责任
If the impression is correct, what might account for it?

creditworthiness ['kredit,w?:θinis] n. 好信誉
intermediation ['?nt?,mi?d?'e???n] n.中间人
I think the answer lies in the nature of banking, understood broadly as financial intermediation: if A has money he’d like to save and B needs money, then rather than A lending directly to B A might lend to C to lend to B, because C—a bank—is a specialist in assessing creditworthiness.

deposit insurance [保险] 存款保险
Government deposit insurance can reduce the risk of runs and by thus making depositors’ capital more secure reduce the interest rate the bank has to pay them.

correlated adj. 有相互关系的
government intervention政府干预；政府干涉
But risk and return are positively correlated; by reducing risk, government intervention in the banking industry reduces expected return.
amplify ['æmpl?fa?] vt. 扩大
It may also decide to offset the cost of its reserves (cash on which it receives no return), and amplify the spread between its cost of borrowed capital and its return on investment, by making riskier investments with its borrowed funds than mortgage loans, municipal and corporate bonds, Treasury notes, and other conventional bank investments: it may decide to speculate.

firm-specific adj. 公司特有的
Second, not only a bank’s financial capital but also its human capital is short term; very little financial human capital seems to be firm-specific, judging by the rate at which bankers move from firm to firm.

ferociously [f?'r?u??sli] adv.激烈地
scrupulous ['skru?pj?l?s] adj. 细心的；小心谨慎的；一丝不苟的
Any firm that has short-term capital is under great pressure to compete ferociously, as it is in constant danger of losing its capital to fiercer, less scrupulous competitors, who can offer its investors and its key employees higher returns.

utility [ju?'t?l?t?] n.效用
Such a business model attracts people who have a taste for risk and attach a very high utility to money.

gullibility [,g?li'biliti] n. 轻信
sharp practice卑鄙交易；不择手段的赢利行为
The complexity of modern finance, the greed and gullibility of individual financial consumers, and the difficulty that so many ordinary people have in understanding credit facilitate financial fraud, and financial sharp practices that fall short of fraud, enabling financial fraudsters to skirt criminal sanctions.

ineffectuality ['ini,fekt?u'æl?ti]  无效果；徒劳无益；不起作用
ostensibly [?s'tens?bli] adv. 表面上
Its ineffectuality is on display in the Libor scandal. Libor (an abbreviation for “London interbank offered rate”) is ostensibly a reliable estimate of the interest rate that leading world banks charge each other for three-month or one-year loans.  

hypothetical [,ha?p?'θet?k(?)l] adj. 假设的
With the financial crash of 2008 and ensuing reduction in loan activity, banks had fewer and fewer occasions to borrow from each other, so the daily Libor rate became increasingly hypothetical.

solvency ['s?lv?ns?] n. 偿付能力
And since Libor is an index of bank solvency, it was in the interest of the participating banks to “estimate” Libor rates lower than actual transaction rates; and apparently that’s what they did.

laxity ['læks?t?] n. 松驰；放纵
The regulators were aware of this monkey business, but apparently did nothing, continuing a pattern of bank-regulatory laxity of many years’ standing.

revolving door旋转门；十字形旋转门
lest [lest] conj. 唯恐，以免；担心
zeal [zi?l] n. 热情；热心；热诚
One is the revolving door: some regulators look forward to a post-governmental career in the regulated industry and fear lest the industry punish them for regulatory zeal by refusing to give them a good job.

complacency [k?m'ple?s(?)ns?] n. 自满
But the most interesting is the complacency about capitalism typified by the attitude of Alan Greenspan, the long-serving chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, and by other conservative economists.

deregulation [d?'r?gj?,le??n] n. 违反规定
precipitate [pr?'s?p?te?t] vt. 促成
Competition often is an adequate substitute for regulation; that was the insight behind the deregulation movement that began in the late 1970s. But it is not an adequate substitute for banking regulation, because of the macroeconomic risks that a collapse of the banking industry can precipitate.

SarahOrange

20120805 <第四期5-11经管> The Success Myth

wager ['we?d??] v. 打赌
innate [?'ne?t; '?ne?t] adj. 先天的
But I’d be willing to wager that it had something to do with innate ability.

marvel ['mɑ?v(?)l] vi. 感到惊讶
aptitude ['æpt?tju?d] n. 天资
lottery ['l?t(?)r?] n. 彩票
We marvel at their extraordinary aptitude, assuming they must have won the DNA lottery to be so good at what they do.

ingredient [?n'gri?d??nt] n. 要素
Deep down, many of us believe that the key ingredient to success is innate ability.

malleable ['mæl??b(?)l] adj. 可锻的；可塑的
Intelligence, creativity, willpower, social skill aptitudes like these are not only profoundly malleable (i.e., they grow with experience and effort), but they are just one small piece of the achievement puzzle.

endorse [?n'd??s; en-]vt. 认可
prudent ['pru?d(?)nt] adj. 精明的
“When endorsing individuals for jobs, promotions, or graduate school, then, it seems prudent to highlight their potential as a means of engaging recruiters,’ employers,’ and university admissions officers’ interest,” they write.

millennials [mi'leni?l] n. 千禧之子
comprise [k?m'pra?z] vt. 包含；由…组成
Now in their teens through their early 30s, millennials are expected to comprise half of the workforce by 2020.

morale [m?'rɑ?l] n. 士气，斗志
That tension can affect workplace morale.

grip [gr?p] vt. 紧握；夹紧 vi. 抓住
midst [m?dst] n. 当中，中间
cohorts ['k?uh?:ts] n. 军团
But rather than griping about the millennials in their midst, she says Boomers can learn from their younger cohorts.

SarahOrange

20120807 <第四期5-12经管> Who, What, Why: Why are US athletes taxed on Olympic medal wins?

right up there接近(或几乎)取胜(或成功)
The US is right up there in the medals table, and has produced some of the finest displays in the Olympics so far.

burdensome ['b??dns(?)m] adj. 恼人的
This, he said, is an example of the "madness" of the US tax system, which he called a "complicated and burdensome mess".

be entitled to有权；有…的资格
exemption [?ɡ'zemp?n] n. 免除，豁免；免税
With the Olympics taking place in London, the UK would be entitled to claim tax on prize money paid to visiting athletes, but has given a number of tax exemptions for competitors in the Olympics - including on any prize money.

recess [r?'ses; 'ri?ses] n. 休息；休会
Congress is about to go off on a one-month recess, and with the Olympics already well underway, this is, says Erb, more about "political grand-standing" than anything else.

would-be ['wudbi:] adj. 想要成为的
brood [bru?d] n. 一窝；一伙
Eating would-be mates could lead to a bigger brood for spiders, scientists have found.

suitor ['su?t?] n. 求婚者
copulatory ['k?pjul?t?ri] adj. 交配的
cannibalism ['kæn?bl,?z?m] n. 嗜食同类
The egg cases of American grass spiders that ate their suitors were compared with those that did not in a new study of pre-copulatory cannibalism.

spiderling n. 小蜘蛛,幼蜘蛛
cannibal ['kæn?b(?)l] adj. 食同类的
More spiderlings of cannibalistic mothers hatched from thicker cases than non-cannibal offspring did, it showed.

reproductive [,ri?pr?'d?kt?v] adj.再生的
The study is published in Animal Behaviour and thought to be the first to link cannibalism with reproductive success.

funnel ['f?n(?)l] n. 漏斗
habitat ['hæb?tæt] n. [生态] 栖息地
Aric Berning from the University of Pittsburgh, lead author of the study said that sourcing the spiders from the funnel web family was simple, because of their urban habitat.

SarahOrange

20120809 <第四期5-13文史哲> Faces of quiet trauma

Rwanda [ru'ænd?] n. 卢旺达（东非国家）
HIV   abbr. 艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus）
genocide ['d?en?sa?d] n. 种族灭绝
In 2006 Jonathan Torgovnik, an Israeli-born photographer, travelled to Rwanda with a reporter to investigate how HIV had been used as a weapon of war during the 1994 genocide.

atrocity [?'tr?s?t?] n. 暴行
aftermath ['ɑ?ft?mæθ] n. 后果；余波
This atrocity left more than 800,000 people dead, but one interviewee revealed another aspect of its aftermath.

militiaman [m?'l???m?n] n. 民兵
He spent the next three years interviewing women who’d had a child after being raped by militiamen.

parentage ['pe?r(?)nt?d?] n. 出身
He photographed them with their children, many of whom don’t know the truth about their parentage.

ostracise ['?str?saiz] vt. 排斥（等于ostracize）
stigma ['st?gm?] n. 耻辱
"These women are ostracised,” Mr Torgovnik says. “They are rejected by their communities because of the stigma associated with rape, associated with HIV, associated with having a child of the enemy, so to speak.”

trauma ['tr??m?; 'tra?m?] n. 创伤（由心理创伤造成精神上的异常）
candid ['kænd?d] adj.坦白的
But despite their trauma, and despite talking to a man and an outsider, Mr Torgovnik found the women he interviewed surprisingly candid.

testimony ['test?m?n?]  n. [法] 证词，证言
plead with sb 向某人恳求
"I think they’d kept it in for so many years that when someone was finally there to collect their testimonies, they actually pleaded with me to tell their stories because they cannot tell them themselves.”

photojournalism [f??t??'d???n(?)l?z(?)m] n. 摄影报道，摄影新闻工作
For the first time Mr Torgovnik’s work has taken him beyond photojournalism.

eucalyptus [,ju?k?'l?pt?s] n. 桉树
plantation [plæn'te??(?)n; plɑ?n-] n.大农场
We gave him part of our eucalyptus plantation to save my brother, Turgen.

arrogant ['ær?g(?)nt] adj. 自大的，傲慢的
club [kl?b] n.棍棒
He told the other militiamen to reduce my height because I had always been arrogant; so they got clubs and hit my legs.

premonition [,prem?'n??(?)n; ,pri?-] n. 预告；征兆
I had a premonition that I might survive if I picked one child and ran away.

SarahOrange

201208011 <第四期5-14文史哲> A Princess of Mars PART ONE

captive ['kæpt?v] n. 俘虏
At first he is a captive, then a warrior, and after many battles, a prince of a royal family.

mining ['ma?n??] n. 矿业；采矿
Powell was trained as a mining engineer. He said we had uncovered over a million dollars worth of gold in only three months.

saddle ['sæd(?)l] n. 鞍
I found my weapons, placed a saddle on my horse and started as fast as possible down the trail taken by Powell.

full-grown ['ful'ɡr?un] adj. 生长完全的
Martian ['mɑ:??n] n. 火星人
As I watched the fierce-looking creatures, I failed to hear twenty full-grown Martians coming from behind me.

SarahOrange

20120812 <第四期5-15科技> Life On Mars? Try One Of Saturn's Moons Instead

rover ['r??v?] n. 漫游者
One of the things the Mars rover will look for is organic molecules that could at least indicate whether there was once life on the Red Planet.

geyser ['gi?z?; 'ga?-] n. 喷泉
subsurface ['s?bs??f?s] adj. 地下的
But this large snowball is interesting to scientists such as McKay because there's a geyser coming out of its south pole from what scientists believe is a subsurface body of liquid water, like a sea or a lake, which contains organic compounds.

scooter ['sku?t?] n. 小轮摩托车
He was once asked, "If I had a little scooter like the Millennium Falcon, and I could go anywhere in the solar system, where would I go, what would I punch in first?"

erupt [?'r?pt] v.喷出
The only easy part about exploring the possibility of life on Enceladus is that the geyser is erupting water into space.

mineralogy [m?n?'ræl?d??] n. 矿物学
Blake is in charge of a chemistry and mineralogy instrument on the rover called CheMin.