每日速度越障学习帖 - 精读+背词

SarahOrange

20120710 <第四期4-09科技> Time Traveling Via Satellite

archaeology [,ɑ:ki'?l?d?i] n. 考古学
MICHAEL PALACE majored in archaeology and environmental science at the University of Virginia.

thesis ['θi:sis] n.论文，论点
Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加    Costa Rican 哥斯达黎加的
howler monkey吼猴
in relation to 关于，涉及
vegetation [,ved?i'tei??n] n. 植被；植物，草木
For his thesis he studied the dynamics of Costa Rican howler monkeys in relation to landscape-level vegetation structure.

tag along 紧跟；尾随
outlying ['aut,laii?] adj. 边远的；无关的
The monkeys would move about with the shifting wet/dry seasons and Palace would gather data by tagging along like an outlying member of the troop.

on the side 另外
chorus ['k?:r?s] n. 合唱队；齐声；歌舞队
On the side, he would often train a microphone on the howlers’ loud morning choruses, which he would later use in his semi-professional career creating electronic music blended with audio field recordings.

inherent adj. 固有的
Despite the inherent difficulties imposed by research in remote reaches of tropical rainforest, the jungles of Central America got into Palace’s blood.

ascension [?'sen??n] n.提升
Next stop on his academic ascension was UNH where he linked up with Michael Keller, project scientist for the NASA-sponsored, Brazilian-led Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere in Amazonia (LBA) project.

relish ['reli?] v.喜爱
Palace relished the opportunity to explore the tropical rainforests of South America and, while pursuing his Ph.D., worked full-time with Keller conducting research in three regions of the Brazilian Amazon.

among other things 除此之外 (ps: 它的出镜率好高~看来很常用的说)
visualize ['vizju?laiz] vt. 形象，形象化；想像，设想 vi. 显现
trace gas 微量气体
Among other things, he wrote computer programs and databases to visualize and statistically analyze trace gas measurements.

abstruse [æb'stru:s] adj. 深奥的；难懂的
Abstruse scientific stuff.

canopy ['kæn?pi] n. 天篷；华盖；遮篷；苍穹    tree canopy 树冠覆盖面
dynamics [dai'næmiks] n. 动力学，力学
biomass ['bai?umæs] n. （单位面积或体积内的）[生态] 生物量
For the three-year project he won’t be using satellite remote sensing technology to estimate things like tree canopy dynamics or overall forest biomass.

nail down 确定；明确
indigenous [in'did?in?s] adj. 本土的；土著的；国产的；固有的
Rather, he’ll use the high-tech methods to help nail down much-disputed population estimates of pre-Columbian indigenous peoples in the Amazon Basin lowlands.

withstand [wið'stænd] vt. 抵挡；禁得起；反抗
Knowing with more accuracy how many people might have impacted the rainforest through agriculture and development prior to European contact will help scientists understand how the Amazon Basin might withstand current pressures from deforestation, selective logging, and development.

immense [i'mens] adj. 巨大的，广大的；无边无际的
Palace still views himself as a tropical ecologist working at the landscape level, but to study the immense Amazonian forest he has become an expert in using satellite-borne imagery.

spectral ['spektr?l] adj. [光] 光谱的   spectral bands of light  光谱波段的光
nutrient ['nju:tri?nt] n. 营养物；滋养物  adj. 营养的；滋养的
The Hyperion camera "sees" in 220 spectral bands of light, allowing scientists to identify the chemical makeup of tree leaves, which in turn is related to nutrients in the underlying soil.

organic [?:'ɡænik] adj. [有化] 有机的
charcoal ['t?ɑ:k?ul] n. 木炭
potsherd ['p?t??:d] n. 陶瓷碎片（等于potshard）
The more nutrient-rich leaves or specific groups of tree species seen by Hyperion will be the signature for the Amazonian black earths Palace is looking for – sites containing soil rich in organic matter, charcoal, and nutrients and frequently associated with large accumulations of potsherds, bone, and other artifacts of human origin.

bluff [bl?f] n. 绝壁；断崖
collaborate [k?'læb?reit] vi. 合作
"There are terra preta sites all over the Amazonian basin, particularly near rivers and bluffs, but no one really knows their whole distribution," says Palace, who will collaborate with Mark Bush, an ecologist from the Florida Institute of Technology, and Brazilian archaeologist Eduardo Neves of the University of San Paulo.

neural ['nju?r?l] adj. 神经的；神经系统的；背的；神经中枢的
extrapolate [ek'stræp?leit] v.推断
Says Palace, “Once we develop the neural network model we’ll be able to extrapolate across the entire Amazon landscape and identify the location of other sites.

connectivity [,k?nek'tiv?ti] n. [数] 连通性
spatial dimension  【考古学】空间维数，立体尺寸
geological [d?i?'l?d?ik?l] adj. 地质的，地质学的
geographic [d?i?'græfik] adj. 地理的；地理学的
We will also be able to look at the connectivity and spatial dimension of these sites across the landscape and compare the location with other geological and geographic information."

ecotype ['i:k?utaip] n. [生态] 生态型
At six million square kilometers, the Amazon basin contains the largest continuous rainforest in the world and constitutes 40 percent of what remains of this ecotype.

prevalent ['prev?l?nt] adj.普遍的
three types of palm trees are prevalent in terra preta sites

confer [k?n'f?:] vi. 协商
Palace will travel to Brazil to confer with his colleagues but the Amazon project will not involve any fieldwork on his part.

simultaneous [,sim?l'teini?s] adj. 同时的；联立的；同时发生的
airborne ['ε?b?:n] adj. [航] 空运的；空气传播的；风媒的
lidar ['laidɑ:] n. 激光雷达；激光定位器
However, a simultaneous project recently funded by the NASA New Investigator Program in Earth Science will take him back to Costa Rica where he will examine tropical forest structure using multiple remote sensing platforms, including airborne lidar.

habitat ['hæbitæt] n. [生态] 栖息地，产地
The same techniques used in Costa Rica can also be applied other types of habitats, including New England landscapes.

derived [di'raiv]  vt. 源于；得自 vi. 起源  
rodent ['r?ud?nt] n. [脊椎] 啮齿动物
The remotely sensed data includes highly detailed biophysical and biochemical information derived from satellite-based optical and radar imagery of the landscape favored by white-tailed deer and small rodents – important hosts for the tick species responsible for transmitting Lyme disease.

endeavor [in'dev?] n. 努力
pseudonym ['psju:d?nim] n. 笔名；假名
Back in Costa Rica, Palace will also continue work in his nonscientific endeavor of making field recordings that he uses to create “generative” electronic music under the pseudonym.

sonic ['s?nik] adj. 音速的；声音的；音波的
ExxonMobil  n. 埃克森美孚国际公司
Described as “a crafter of sonic landscapes” by one reviewer, horchata has recorded a number of albums and wrote the soundtrack to the documentary film about global warming titled "Out of Balance: ExxonMobil's Impact on Climate Change."

hattiehh

好贴支持啊！

铁板神猴

好贴子，支持~

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/7/10 14:04:09)

谢谢前辈支持好嗨森的说！

-- by 会员 SarahOrange (2012/7/10 21:50:15)

Sarah，baby可是个大N哦~

SarahOrange

好贴子，支持~

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/7/10 14:04:09)

谢谢前辈支持好嗨森的说！

-- by 会员 SarahOrange (2012/7/10 21:50:15)

Sarah，baby可是个大N哦~

-- by 会员 铁板神猴 (2012/7/11 0:23:01)

顿感草屋陋室蓬荜生辉！

SarahOrange

好贴支持啊！

-- by 会员 hattiehh (2012/7/10 22:55:49)

真心感谢常来坐坐~粗茶淡饭的不成敬意啊~

SarahOrange

20120711  <第四期4-10科技> DeafBrain Processes Touch Differently: Lacking Sound Input, the Primary AuditoryCortex 'Feels' Touch

mold [m?uld] vt. 塑造；使发霉；用模子制作
It adds to a growing list of discoveries that confirm the impact of experiences and outside influences in molding the developing brain.

auditory cortex 听觉皮层

stimulus ['stimjul?s] n. 刺激；剌激物；促进因素  pl. stimuli ['stimjulai]
The researchers show that deaf people use the auditory cortex to process touch stimuli and visual stimuli to a much greater degree than occurs in hearing people.

rewire [ri:'wai?] 重新连线
This research shows how the brain is capable of rewiring in dramatic ways.

peripheral [p?'rif?r?l] adj. 外围的；次要的
Previous research, including studies performed by the lab director, Helen Neville Ph.D., has shown that people who are born deaf are better at processing peripheral vision and motion.

tactile ['tæktail, -til] adj. [生理] 触觉的，有触觉的；能触知的
However, no one has tackled whether vision and touch together are processed differently in deaf people, primarily because in experimental settings, it is more difficult to produce the kind of precise tactile stimuli needed to answer this question.

apparatus [,æp?'reit?s] n. 装置，设备；仪器；器官   pl. apparatus or apparattuses
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像
Dr. Karns and her colleagues developed a unique apparatus that could be worn like headphones while subjects were in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner.

fiber optic cables光缆，光纤
nozzle ['n?zl] n. 喷嘴；管口；鼻
Visual stimuli -- brief pulses of light -- were delivered through fiber optic cables mounted directly below the air-puff nozzle.

temporal lobe [解剖] 颞叶, 负责处理听觉信息，也与记忆和情感有关。
Functional MRI was used to measure reactions to the stimuli in Heschl's gyrus, the site of the primary auditory cortex in the human brain's temporal lobe as well as other brain areas.

perceptual [p?'sept?u?l] adj. 知觉的；感知的；有知觉的
illusion [i'lju:??n] n. 幻觉，错觉
The researchers took advantage of an already known perceptual illusion in hearing people known as the auditory induced double flash, in which a single flash of light paired with two or more brief auditory events is perceived as multiple flashes of light.

clinician [kli'ni??n] n. 临床医生
cochlear ['k?kli?] adj. 耳蜗的
congenitally [k?n'd?enit?li] adv. 先天地；天生地
The finding also has the potential to help clinicians improve the quality of hearing after cochlear implants, especially among congenitally deaf children who are implanted after the ages of 3 or 4.

ingestive adj. [生物] 摄食的；供吸收的
New research presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior (SSIB) suggests that, not only the amount and type of food eaten but the time of day it is eaten is important in contributing to obesity.

chow [t?au] n. 食物
saturated ['sæt??reitid] adj. 饱和的
To address this question Dr. Joelle Oosterman gave rats either rodent chow or chow plus either saturated fat or a sugar solution.

beverage ['bev?rid?] n. 饮料
In today's society where snacks containing saturated fat and beverages containing lots of sugar are readily available to people, it is important to understand the impact these food components have on energy balance.

state-of-the-art adj. 最先进的；达到最高水准的
When running their state-of-the-art computer models, Prof. Price and his fellow researchers assess climate conditions in a variety of real environments.

depict [di'pikt] vt. 描述；描画
First, the models are run with current atmospheric conditions to see how accurately they are able to depict the frequency and severity of thunderstorms and lightning in today's environment.

carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
Then, the researchers input changes to the model atmosphere, including the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (a major cause of global warming) to see how storms are impacted.

El Nino phenomenon厄尔尼诺现象
oscillate ['?sileit] v. 振荡，动摇
The El Nino phenomenon is an optimal tool for measuring the impact of climate change on storms because the climate oscillates radically between years, while everything else in the environment remains constant.

SarahOrange

20120712  <第四期4-11经营> Some People Go to Extremes to Lose Weight

tapeworm ['teipw?:m] n. [基医] 绦虫
The tapeworm is said to help people lose weight by eating the food that is stored in their stomach.

carbohydrate [,kɑ:b?u'haidreit] n. [有化] 碳水化合物
There are low-carbohydrate diets and low-fat diets, diets that limit calories and ones that let you eat as much as you want.

dietary ['dai?t?ri] adj. 饮食的，饭食的
His dietary ideas were first published in the medical journal The Lancet in nineteen ninety.

cholesterol [k?'lest?r?l] n. [生化] 胆固醇
Dr. Ornish's diet plan limits daily calories from fat to less than ten percent, with little to no saturated fat or cholesterol.

legume [li'ɡjumin] n. 豆，荚
Like other low-fat diets, the Ornish plan suggests that people eat diets high in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans and other legumes.

surgical ['s?:d?ik?l] adj. 外科的；手术上的   n. 外科手术；外科病房
Many of these people choose to have surgical operations to reach their weight loss goals.

liposuction ['laip?u,s?k??n] n. 脂肪吸除手术；抽脂术
They said people who have liposuction usually experience weight gain within one year after the surgery.

abdomen [æb'd?umen, 'æbd?men] n. 腹部；下腹；腹腔
And the fat that comes back reappears in a new area of the body, most noticeably the shoulders, arms and upper abdomen.

铁板神猴

sarah继续坚持，我会常来看看的~~ 今天不是很有动力，过阵子来细看你的批注吧~

SarahOrange

sarah继续坚持，我会常来看看的~~ 今天不是很有动力，过阵子来细看你的批注吧~

-- by 会员 铁板神猴 (2012/7/13 18:14:37)

猴哥保重！

SarahOrange

20120713  <第四期4-12经营>  Slow Down! How “Slow Work” Makes Us More Productive

respite ['respa?t] n. 缓解；暂缓；暂时的休息
Vacations are time to slow our pace, calm our minds, and take a much-needed respite from the otherwise fast pace of life and its responsibilities.

remiss [r?'m?s] adj. 怠慢的；迟缓的；不小心的
vulnerability [,v?ln?r?'biliti] n. 易损性；弱点
Many of us lament the dramatic contrast between our vacations and the faster pace of our work lives, but are generally remiss to change because of feelings of career vulnerability or weakness that we fear it could project.

flurry ['fl?r?] n.疾风
array [?'re?] n. 数组，阵列；排列，列阵；大批，一系列；
To make matters worse, we face a flurry of information hitting from multiple angles (work, home, extended family, & friends) and through an increasing array of social networking and email platforms.

onslaught ['?nsl??t] n. 猛攻；突击
diminishing [di'mini?i?] adj. 逐渐缩小的；衰减的
This information onslaught competes for our rapidly diminishing attention spans.

high-stake 高风险
administrative [?d'm?n?str?t?v] adj. 管理的，行政的
momentum [m?'ment?m] n. 势头；[物] 动量；动力；冲力
cognitive ['kɑɡn?t?v] adj. 认知的，认识的
Giving the mind a rest from high-stakes responsibilities and strategically doing simple (but necessary) administrative or hands-on tasks give us freedom to take control of our schedules and maintain momentum with less cognitive strain.

align [?'la?n] vt. 使结盟；使成一行；匹配  vi. 排列；排成一行
More broadly, the philosophy of “slow work” challenges the unsustainable practice of doing everything as fast as possible and offers an alternative workplace framework for energizing people and helping people better align their personal and professional priorities.

punctuate ['p??(k)t??e?t; -tj?-] vt. 不时打断；强调；加标点于  vi. 加标点
It urges us to punctuate our routines in ways that might initially appear to compromise productivity but actually enhance long-term creativity.

contemporary [k?n'temp(?)r(?r)?] adj. 当代的；同时代的；属于同一时期的
Casual seating areas are incorporated into many contemporary work settings to give people space to think.

likelihood ['la?kl?h?d] n. 可能性，可能
Taking the time to walk to a different corner of the building or campus provides exercise but also increases the likelihood that you will encounter a colleague that you may not have seen in a while.

radically ['ræd?k?l?] adv. 根本上；彻底地
If you schedule concentrative time for yourself, consider taking your work offsite to give yourself a radically different experience that could spark some inspiration.

myriad ['m?r??d] n. 无数，极大数量；无数的人或物
accommodate [?'k?m?de?t] vt. 容纳；使适应；供应；调解
If you work in a large city, take advantage of the myriad of public spaces such as parks and plazas that are accommodating to workers with plentiful seating and free wi-fi. DEGW’s BREAKOUT!

milieu ['mi?lj??; m?'lj??] n. 环境；周围；出身背景pl. milieus or milieux ]
The milieu of a public setting can positively change your perspective and help you put things in broader context.

staycation [,stei'kei??n] n. 居家旅游；宅度假
Vacations naturally took a hit during the Great Recession, giving rise to the staycation around 2008-09. But this year, 35% of travelers globally say they’re going to spend more money this year on travel, with 37% spending roughly the same, according to a new survey by the Wyndham Hotel Group.