每日速度越障学习帖 - 精读+背词

铁板神猴

patina -
1 a greenish layer that forms naturally on the surface of copper or bronze
2 a smooth shiny surface that gradually develops on wood, leather etc
3 a patina of wealth/success etc the appearance of being wealthy, successful etc

我把Longman上的解释贴过来，看看这样是否能够理解了？ （忽略有道的中文解释吧）

基本上就是baby说的那个意思，patina原义指铜表面自然形成的“铜绿层”，又指木材、皮革上自然形成的光滑表面，（我没学生物也不知道这是什么，化学反应吧）
引申一下，a patina of A, 就是表面上看起来像A，（但可能实际不是A）。

SarahOrange

好样的 继续坚持 sarah橙

LS的sustain是不是圈错了……

-- by 会员 铁板神猴 (2012/7/18 20:50:19)

patina ['pæt?n?] n. [材] 铜绿；光泽；神态；圣餐盘
Even the horrors of war acquire a patina of unreality.
如何理解？

-- by 会员 SarahOrange (2012/7/18 23:14:40)

http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/patina
a thin layer of something such as dirt that covers an object or a surfacepatina of: a patina of dirt/dust/grime




PHRASE

a patina of success/respectability/sophistication etc
if someone or something has a patina of some quality such as success, they appear to besuccessful, but they are not


http://www.thefreedictionary.com/patina
any fine layer on a surface a patina of frost

我的理解：“a patina of"就是指表面的一层，可以是真实形象的，比如dust, frost。也可以是比喻的用法，作为比喻的用法，就是强调“表面看上去”是一片什么模样。

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/7/19 11:27:02)

看完详尽的注释和baby的个人理解~有种茅塞顿开的赶脚~多谢多谢！

SarahOrange

patina -
1 a greenish layer that forms naturally on the surface of copper or bronze
2 a smooth shiny surface that gradually develops on wood, leather etc
3 a patina of wealth/success etc the appearance of being wealthy, successful etc

我把Longman上的解释贴过来，看看这样是否能够理解了？ （忽略有道的中文解释吧）

基本上就是baby说的那个意思，patina原义指铜表面自然形成的“铜绿层”，又指木材、皮革上自然形成的光滑表面，（我没学生物也不知道这是什么，化学反应吧）
引申一下，a patina of A, 就是表面上看起来像A，（但可能实际不是A）。

-- by 会员 铁板神猴 (2012/7/19 20:33:55)

深入探讨：
铜绿：它是铜与空气中的氧气、二氧化碳和水等物质反应产生的物质，又称铜锈(铜绿）。from 度娘
依稀记得~高中的化学课本里有提及= =

看完你们的英文注释，感叹：我也要升级“武器“！

SarahOrange

20120719 <第四期4-18经营> Starting Younger to Prevent Dating Abuse

physical violence 身体暴力
Fifteen percent of seventh graders in the study said they had been the victim of physical violence in a relationship with the opposite sex.

mistreat [m?s'tri?t] vt. 虐待
A CDC study showed that boys in these groups are more likely help a young woman who is being mistreated by another boy.

spendthrift ['spen(d)θr?ft] adj. 挥霍无度的；浪费的
German public opinion is highly concerned that German taxpayers could have to cover a portion of the public debts accumulated by spendthrift southern European countries.

transgress [trænz'gres; trɑ?nz-; -ns-] v. 违反；侵犯
bailout ['be?la?t] n. 紧急救助
This clause, however, was transgressed in May 2010 with the first Greek bailout, and again with the creation of the EFSF to deal with the Irish crisis, and now with the ESM.

emblematic [,embl?'mæt?k] adj. 象征的；可当标志的
invoke [?n'v??k] vt. 调用；祈求；引起；恳求
Consider the emblematic case of Greece. Back then, it would have been easy to invoke the no-bailout clause and let Greece go to the IMF.

austerity [?'ster?t?; ??-] n. 紧缩
Instead, Germany and the other Euro Area countries imposed unrealistic fiscal austerity policies, which deepened and lengthened the recession, against loans.

durably ['djur?bli] adv. 经久地
Growth, on the other hand, will not be durably back with the current debt level.

lenient ['li?n??nt] adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
precedent ['pres?d(?)nt] n. 先例；前例
One fear is that being “lenient” toward Greece might become a precedent and that other countries, including small Portugal and big Spain, might ask for the same treatment.

contagion [k?n'te?d?(?)n] n. 传染病；蔓延；触染
There are no firewalls high enough to prevent this and Eurobonds would just serve as a channel for this contagion.

a succession of 一系列
The real risk, then, is that a succession of defaults eventually bankrupts all Euro Area countries, including Germany.

monetization 货币化
Of course, debt monetization is commonly seen as letting the inflation devil in the house.

at this juncture 在此之际
Large scale spending is unlikely at this juncture.

SarahOrange

20120720 <第四期4-19经营> 9 Dumb Ways to Ruin a Meeting

neutral ['nju?tr(?)l] adj. 中立的
You meet at a neutral site.

convention [k?n'ven?(?)n] 约定
You’re a slave to clock conventions.

syndrome ['s?ndr??m] n.综合症状
It’s like the bigger-house syndrome: After you buy a bigger house, you somehow manage to fill it with furniture even if you don’t need any more furniture.

accordingly [?'k??d??l?]adv.相应地
Then schedule the time accordingly. Tell everyone the meeting will end on time no matter what.

recap ['ri?kæp] v.扼要重述
No agenda should include the words information, recap, review, or discussion.

concrete ['k??kri?t] adj.实在的，具体的
They should show up with concrete ideas based on the information you provided ahead of time.

accountability [?,ka?nt?'b?l?ti] n. 有义务；有责任
6You don’t establish accountability.

fuzzy ['f?z?] adj. 模糊的；失真的
Never let ownership be fuzzy or unclear. An action item without a clear owner is like an orphan–it’s someone else’s responsibility.

credibility [,kr?d?'b?l?ti] n. 可信性；确实性
Don’t give general discussions credibility by including them in a meeting recap. People might start thinking general discussions have value.

cohesion [k?(?)'hi??(?)n] n. 凝聚；结合；[力] 内聚力
You meet to improve team cohesion.

SarahOrange

20120721 <第四期4-20经营> The legacy of the author of “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People”

guru ['g?ru?] n. 专家
Stephen Covey, who died on July 16th, was one of the most successful management gurus ever. “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People” has sold more than 20m copies; three of his other titles have sold at least 1m each.

cog [k?g] n. 钝齿；雄榫
Mr Covey taught that employees were not merely cogs in a machine powered by rewards and punishments, but individuals.

doctoral ['d?kt?r?l] adj. 博士的；博士学位的；有博士学位的
Mr Covey also drew inspiration from the two centuries-worth of American “success literature” that he read for his doctoral thesis.

missionary ['m??(?)n(?)r?] n. 传教士
He went to Britain as a missionary when he was 20, and preached on street corners.

secular ['sekj?l?] adj.长期的
distillation [,d?st?'le??n] n.精华
The seven habits are essentially a secular distillation of Mormon teaching, says Clayton Christensen, a Harvard management guru and a Mormon, written for anyone regardless of “which sort of God you believe in or whether you even believe in God”.

conviction [k?n'v?k?(?)n] n.确信
What set Mr Covey apart from other management thinkers, says Mr Christensen, is that “he lived the life he wrote about. He had a conviction that came from experience.”

scoff [sk?f] v. 嘲笑；嘲弄
Cynics scoffed that this was all rather obvious.

prioritise [prai'?r?,taiz] vt. 给予...优先权；按优先顺序处理
Then he told them to prioritise the fourth sort so as to minimise the number that became both important and urgent.

smartphone n. 智能手机
Soon after, new smartphones such as the BlackBerry, a time-management device that does not require you to listen to lectures, threatened the survival of the newly combined firm.

posthumously ['p?stjum?sli] adv. 于死后，于身后；于著作者死后出版地
He was writing several books, including one on how to reduce crime, which will be published posthumously.

purveyors [p?'vei?] n. 承办商；伙食承办商；供应粮食者；供应货物或提供服务的人或公司
He will be remembered as a man who, as Schumpeter once put it: tried to rescue [the notion of] “character” from both the simple-minded purveyors of self-help (who imply that you can change your character as easily as your underpants) and the social-service establishment (which ignores questions of character by blaming everything on “the system”).

portrait ['p??tr?t] n. 肖像；描写
The study it describes, led by Pedro Hallal of the Federal University of Pelotas, in Brazil, is the most complete portrait yet of the world’s busy bees and couch potatoes.

conspire [k?n'spa??] vi. 共谋；协力
Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have conspired to create a world in which the flexing of muscles is more and more an option rather than a necessity.

slothful ['sl??θf?l; -f(?)l] adj. 怠惰的，懒惰的；迟钝的
Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise. Swaziland and Saudi Arabia slouch in close behind, with 69%.

sluggish ['sl?g??] adj. 萧条的；迟钝的
Surprisingly, America does not live up to its sluggish reputation.

paradoxically [,pær?'d?ksik?li] adv. 自相矛盾地；似非而是地；反常地
eschew [?s't?u?; es-] vt. 避免；避开；远避
Paradoxically, human beings seem to have evolved to benefit from exercise while eschewing it whenever they can.

SarahOrange

20120722 <第四期5-01文史哲> Cheating business minds: How to break the cycle

cakewalk ['ke?kw??k] n. 易于完成的事  （感谢iamyingjie同学的纠正~^^~）
curtail [k??'te?l] vt. 缩减
unethical [?n'eθ?k(?)l] adj. 不道德的；缺乏职业道德的
It's no cakewalk, but there are several ways to curtail the spread of unethical corporate culture.

rationalize ['ræ?n?'la?z] vt. 使……合理化
align with v. 与……结盟
We figure out a way to rationalize behavior that may not otherwise align with our values.

harness ['hɑ?n?s] vt. 治理
But the next step -- harnessing those powerful reward pathways in the brain to encourage ethical behavior -- is incredibly difficult.

intervention [?nt?'ven?(?)n] n. 介入；调停；妨碍
Unfortunately, we know a lot of these rationalization behaviors that people engage in. We're not quite as good yet about figuring interventions.

biz n. 商业（等于business）
MORE: Your cheatin' mind: How biz leaders explain away poor choices

cutthroat ['k?t,θr??t] adj. 残酷的
Yet the short-term responsibility to shareholders, promotions based on money earned fast, and the cutthroat work environment in the run up to and during the financial crisis set up a competing reward system that stood in contrast to the businesses' stated moral code.

sanction ['sæ?(k)?(?)n] vt. 制裁，处罚；批准；鼓励
Strict internal policies could do some damage control. Leaders ought to work on sanctioning unethical behavior before it gets to a level that regulators would flag.

resignation [rez?g'ne??(?)n] n. 辞职；辞职书
To that end, some of the recent high-profile resignations at banks -- CEO Bob Diamond at Barclays (BCS) and head of compliance David Bagley at HSBC -- could serve as examples to other finance executives that someone at the top will take the fall for systemic problems.

adhere [?d'h??] vi. 坚持
That could force those top execs to adhere to their stated ethical code, Staw suggests.

close-knit ['kl?us'nit] adj. 紧密的
tangled ['tæ?gld] adj. 紊乱的；纠缠的；缠结的；复杂的
In a high-pressure and close-knit work environment, it's easy to get tangled in a tight circle of people behaving a certain way, says Frame.

fallacy ['fæl?s?] n. 谬论，谬误
The idea that our ethics are hard-wired is a fallacy, Mayer says. "I think a lot of it comes from this idea that who you are is determined early on -- did you have good parenting, did you have good friends? In reality, that's a piece of the puzzle, for sure, but we de-emphasize our environment and the environment that we create."

铁板神猴

到此一游，给sarah打气~~

teddybearj4

哇~我第一次发现这个帖子，LZ是在做单词记录吗？好认真啊~~~~加油加油！

SarahOrange

到此一游，给sarah打气~~

-- by 会员 铁板神猴 (2012/7/23 11:05:07)

这儿哪天能变成4A级景点就好啦~！