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豆子书

这篇文章我真心觉得我读懂了，而且还上过nutrition的课。。。
但是竟然错了一半，看了正确答案之后还是觉得自己是对的。。。
哪位好人来帮帮我吧。。。
   In terms of its prevalence, obesity is the leading disease in theUnited States. There is no universally accepted standard for obesity,defined generally as an excess of adipose tissue, but a common ruleof thumb classifies people who are more than 20 percent above theirdesirable weight as obese. By this measure, 30 percent of men and40 percent of women in America are obese. Although studies showthat few of these people will ever recover fully and permanentlyfrom the disease, the incidence of obesity in future generations canbe reduced.
       Adipose tissue is a triumph of evolution. Fat yields 9 calories pergram, while protein, like carbohydrates, yields only 4 calories pergram. Fat also contains much less water than protein does.Therefore, fat is much more efficient for storing excess energy thanis protein. Primitive humans, with uncertain food sources, had agreat need for excess fat, and their bodies adapted accordingly.Modern humans, with a predictable food supply and a sedentarylife-style, are burdened by this vestige of evolution. Although theyneed some adipose tissue to provide insulation and protect internalorgans from injury, modern humans need much less than theirprimitive ancestors did.
                                        In an attempt to shed excess adipose tissue, many Americansturn from one fad diet to another, and a billion-dollar diet industryhas grown up to aid them in their efforts. Nevertheless, thefive-year cure rate for obesity is very low. In fact, by comparison,cancer is more curable. The reasons for this are psychological aswell as physiological.
                                        From a physical standpoint, losing a pound or two a week for afew weeks is not difficult because most of the loss is in the form ofprotein and water, and protein carries four times its weight in water.However, protein is also the only source of nitrogen in the body, andwhen the body loses too much nitrogen, it acts to correct theimbalance by excreting less nitrogen than it takes in. Hence beyonda certain point additional weight loss must come from adipose tissue,which, because of its compactness, takes longer to shed. The body’stendency to return to nitrogen balance and to protect its energyreserves can be so strong that dieters may stop losing or even gainweight while still expending more calories than they ingest. As aresult, they frequently suffer not only from hunger, weakness(*8D), and adecreased metabolic rate(*8E), but also from depression(*8A) and inactivity,all of which lead them to abandon their diets. Probably because ofnumerous psychological factors as well as physiological factors suchas increased lipid synthesis（*8B), they then tend to regain weight rapidly.
                                        While vigorous attempts to reduce obesity in America should beaimed at all affected, the most successful efforts are likely to bethose directed toward children. If the advertising and food industriesstop trying to sell high-calorie, nutritionally deficient food to children,and if parents understand that the feeding patterns they impose ontheir children can determine the adolescent and adult eating habitsthose children will develop, the future generation may not be as fatas ours is.
2. By the rule of thumb mentioned in the passage, which of thefollowing would be considered obese?
  

• A 25-pound toddler whose desirable weight is 20 pounds
•    A large-framed woman weighting 140 pounds whosedesirable weight for her height is between 112 and 120pounds
•    A 175-pound man who was 25 pounds over his desirableweight and then gained an additional 10 pounds
  

                                
                        
   (A) II only
(B) III only
     
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

这题应该是从a common ruleof thumb classifies people who are more than 20 percent above theirdesirable weight as obese.来解答，那2 为什么不算了？
我是用（140-112）/112大于20%，但正确答案不包括2，所以是用（140-120）/120？为什么啊？

3. Which of the following, if true, best helps to explain why a greaterpercentage of women than men in the United States are consideredobese by the measure mentioned in the passage?
                                        (A) The measure is the same for both men and women, but it is normalfor women to carry a greater percentage of fat at any weight.
                                        (B) The average man is heavier than the average woman; therefore,men generally need to gain more weight than women do before theyare considered obese.
                                        (C) There are more women in the United States than there are men.(D) Because of the influence of the fashion and film industries, manyAmerican women consider themselves obese even though they are
                                        not.
(E) Women burn off fewer calories than men because their bodies
                                
                        
                                                                                                
这道题感觉是CR,我选的B，但是答案是E。

其实我觉得都对又都不对，脑子不清楚。。。

   4.According to the passage, modern humans do not need to store asmuch fat as primitive humans because
                                
                        
       (A) modern humans work fewer hours than their primitive forebearsdid
(B) the diet of modern humans is higher in protein than was the diet ofprimitive humans
(C) modern humans eat more regularly than primitive humans did
(D) primitive humans had to insulate their bodies from the cold
                                        whereas modern humans do not
  (E) the food consumed by modern humans has a higher nutritionalvalue than that consumed by primitive humans

答案C

这题从这句话 Primitive humans, with uncertain food sources, had agreat need for excess fat, and their bodies adapted accordingly.Modern humans, with a predictable food supply and a sedentarylife-style, are burdened by this vestige of evolution.  我感觉A和C都沾边。。。因为原句说modern humans with sedentary life-style, 那不就是fewer hours work 吗？难道是因为我把work理解为exercise，其实work也包括坐着工作？

            8. The author mentions all of the following as factors that cause obesepeople to abandon diets EXCEPT
                                        (A) depression
(B) increased lipid synthesis
(C) a negative nitrogen balance(D) enervation
(E) a lower metabolic rate

答案是B
                                
                        
               
在原文，我ABDE都找到了，没有C啊，而且B哪里错了啊？

谢谢各位了！



                        
               


                                
                        
               

豆子书

来人啊！！！救救我！！！！

豆子书

........:'(:'(:'(

豆子书

shaopeiyuan0511

8.
The body’stendency to return to nitrogen balance and to protect its energyreserves can be so strong that dieters may stop losing or even gainweight while still expending more calories than they ingest. As aresult, they frequently suffer not only from hunger, weakness(*8D), and adecreased metabolic rate(*8E), but also from depression(*8A) and inactivity,all of which lead them to abandon their diets. Probably because ofnumerous psychological factors as well as physiological factors suchas increased lipid synthesis（*8B), they then tend to regain weight rapidly. (你仔细看，他是regain weight而不是放弃减肥，)

shaopeiyuan0511

2. By the rule of thumb mentioned in the passage, which of thefollowing would be considered obese?
  

A 25-pound toddler whose desirable weight is 20 pounds
   A large-framed woman weighting 140 pounds whosedesirable weight for her height is between 112 and 120pounds
   A 175-pound man who was 25 pounds over his desirableweight and then gained an additional 10 pounds
                                
                        
   (A) II only
(B) III only
     
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

如果女人的理想体重是120，那么144才是肥胖，她140怎么算呢，所以直选III。

shaopeiyuan0511

4.According to the passage, modern humans do not need to store asmuch fat as primitive humans because
                                                     
(A) modern humans work fewer hours than their primitive forebearsdid
(B) the diet of modern humans is higher in protein than was the diet ofprimitive humans
(C) modern humans eat more regularly than primitive humans did
(D) primitive humans had to insulate their bodies from the cold whereas modern humans do not
(E) the food consumed by modern humans has a higher nutritionalvalue than that consumed by primitive humans

答案C

这题从这句话 Primitive humans, with uncertain food sources, had agreat need for excess fat, and their bodies adapted accordingly.Modern humans, with a predictable food supply and a sedentarylife-style, are burdened by this vestige of evolution.  我感觉A和C都沾边。。。因为原句说modern humans with sedentary life-style, 那不就是fewer hours work 吗？难道是因为我把work理解为exercise，其实work也包括坐着工作？

According题目，就是要找原文里面提到的A选项是你在脑补吧。所以排除。