想重问一下1stzhangGG的Lsat 14

linlin315

it is not correct that the people of the united states, relative to comparable countries, are the most lightly taxed. true, the united states has the lowest tax, as percent of gross domestic product, of the western industrialized countries, but tax rates alone do not tell the whole story. people in the united states pay out of pocket for many goods and services provided from tax revenues elsewhere. consider universal health care, which is an entitlement supported by tax revenues in every other western industrialized country. united states government health-care expenditures are equivalent to about 5 percent of the gross domestic product, but private health-care expenditures represent another 7 percent. this 7 percent, then, amounts to a tax.

the argument concerning whether the people of the united states are the most lightly taxed is most vulnerable to which one of the following criticisms?

(a) it bases a comparison on percentages rather than on absolute numbers

(b) it unreasonably extends the application of a key term

(c) it uses negatively charged language instead of attempting to give a reason

(d) it generalizes from only a few instances

(e) it sets up a dichotomy between alternatives that are not exclusive
答案是B

这个united states government health-care expenditures和private health-care expenditures 都是啥，有啥关系啊？？为什么说是extends the application of a key term呢？？

jerry_link

united states government health-care expendtures是政府用税收来支付的医疗费用
而private health-care expenditures 是私人掏钱看病，而且还要上税的医疗支出

文章讲到了它们的比例,并不能说明他想要表达的美国不是最轻的税负的国家的目的
所以它不合理的把说明的关键点扩大到了这个比较上

prince

学财务的，从基本知识来说。A也不对。
从逻辑上讲，即使本推理谈论的绝对数字，该推理仍是错误的。
你可以想一下：谈论一个国家是否是高税收，应该国家和国家之间的比较。但本推理在一个国家之内来说。显然不是具有说服力。
B的错误是说：不合理的扩展一个key term。该推理根据有7%的private health-care expenditures被加入到总的税收里面就推出自己结论（结论是什么？）。显然作者认为在认为这7%的private health-care expenditures的加入是起了决定性的作用（但其实没有：因为 lightly是一种比例。是纳税的总数除以国民生产总值而不管是否包含什么具体内容）。无谓扩大了概念。

siebel

看到第7行，脑中有如下反映：

一个gap: tax和health expenditure，马上有如下感觉：
1 如果加强，指出二者一回事儿
2 如果削弱，指出二者两码事儿。

再往后看，两句带数字的话，就是说明二者毫无关系。看到b的时候，本题结束。如果阅读水平高，前面可以略读、跳读；不放心后三个选项瞄一眼。你trytry，总共要花几秒？

joywzy

以下是引用siebel在2003-7-31 23:25:00的发言：
看到第7行，脑中有如下反映：

一个gap: tax和health expenditure，马上有如下感觉：
1 如果加强，指出二者一回事儿
2 如果削弱，指出二者两码事儿。

再往后看，两句带数字的话，就是说明二者毫无关系。看到b的时候，本题结束。如果阅读水平高，前面可以略读、跳读；不放心后三个选项瞄一眼。你trytry，总共要花几秒？

sieble,这个方法好，会不会出现过失手？

另外，对这个B，又是怎么解释的呢？

谢谢。

joice

The health care is only one of many ways that government spend its tax revenues. government can allocates the tax revenues to education, infrastracture, military,etc.
the high private health care costs may be use to say that government don't spend enough tax money on health care but on war with IRAQ.
Some countries may never spend tax money on health care, then these  two terms may have no conection at all.  It can't be a criteria to compare U.S. tax rate with WestEuro Country's.