[原创]sweetdream的复习计划，请大牛指点

brace

以下是引用sweetdream在2005-2-14 10:49:00的发言：

求助：不知道如何找topic sentence，怎么办？如何训练TS的定位？

Passage 19 Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional service firms(for example, firms providing advertising, accounting, or health care services) have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction.（给出一个现象：服务行业为提高竞争力而采取的UGS策略） Such guarantees specify what clients can expect and what the firm will do if it fails to fulfill these expectations.（进一步解释UGS策略，可略读）Particularly with first-time clients, （Particularly怪词，限定范围，出题点）an unconditional guarantee can be an effective（正评价＋） marketing tool（判断句，作者对UGS的评价为有限制的＋） if the client is very cautious, the firm’s fees are high, the negative consequences of bad service are grave, or business is difficult to obtain through referrals and word-of-mouth.（四项小列举，很可能出EXCEPT题） However, （强转折，出题点）an unconditional guarantee can sometimes Hinder（负评价－） marketing efforts. With its implication that failure is possible, the guarantee may,  paradoxically（怪词，出题点，看后面的内容，为何‘矛盾’）, cause clients to doubt the service firm’s ability to deliver the promised level of service.（UGS的不利之处） It may conflict (－) with a firm’s desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that a firm is begging for business.（进一步说明不利，可暂略读） In legal and health care services（具体举例，可能有题）, it may mislead (－) clients by suggesting that lawsuits or medical procedures will have guaranteed outcomes. Indeed, （怪词，出题点，后面的内容要仔细看）professional service firms with outstanding reputations and performance to match have little to gain from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm that implements an unconditional guarantee without undertaking a commensurate commitment to quality of service is merely (－) employing a potentially costly (－) marketing gimmick (－).

逻辑简图：

Organization: 现象评价

D1：给出现象：服务行业的UGS策略，Particularly……(限定范围)，effective(＋有限定的正评价), 列举具体有用的situation (4项小列举，通常出except题，可回来细读).

D2: However(强转折，作者评价改变，以下为负评价－),　 paradoxically（怪词，出题点，看后面的内容，如何‘矛盾’），In legal and health care services（具体举例，可能有题）

Indeed, （怪词，出题点，后面的内容要仔细看），……is merely (－) employing a potentially costly (－) marketing gimmick (－). （判断句，作者对UGS策略的态度总结，TS？）

Passage 20 Although （强转折，作者的重点在后半部分）genetic mutations in bacteria and viruses can lead to epidemics, some epidemics are caused by bacteria and viruses that have undergone no significant genetic change　（一种现象的两种解释，重点在后一种解释）. In analyzing （分析）the latter （作者主要准备讨论后者）， scientists have (5) discovered the importance of social and ecological fac- tors to epidemics. Poliomyelitis, for example, emerged as an epidemic in the United States in the twentieth century; by then, modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at (10) which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previ- ously, infection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis. Thus, the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics indirectly fostered a paralytic polio epidemic. Another (15) example is Lyme disease, which is caused by bacteria that are transmitted by deer ticks. It occurred only spo- radically during the late nineteenth century but has recently become prevalent in parts of the United States, largely due to an increase in the deer population that (20) occurred simultaneously with the growth of the suburbs and increased outdoor recreational activities in the deer’s habitat. Similarly, an outbreak of dengue hemor- rhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950’s because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti, (25) the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, to proliferate The stage is now set in the United States for a dengue epidemic because of the inadvertent introduction and wide dissemination of another mosquito, Aedes albopictus.

逻辑简图：

Organization: 现象解释――提出现象并举例说明

分析：首句用Although（强转折）给出导致某现象的两种可能原因，重点在后一种原因。analyzing （分析）the latter，...the importance of social and ecological factors（具体指出讨论范围为后一种原因又分两个因素）；通过for example, P ……（social factor一个例子）Another example, L……Similarly, a ae……(ecological factor两个例子) 给出三个例子支持后一种原因(三个例子均有出题可能，) Aedes aegypti,　Aedes albopictus.（两个斜体名词有区别，可能有细节题，见题再回来细读）

Passage 21 Two modes of argumentation (两种模式，很可能是对比) have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the “relational”　（名词提炼为RF或R） feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of “equality in (5) difference,” （R的主要观点，如果不明白，在后面找详细解释）or equity as distinct for equality. They posit that biological distinctions between the sexesresult in a necessary sexual division of labor （读到这里就可以了，灰色部分可暂时略读）in the family and throughout society and that women’s pro- creative labor is currently undervalued by society, to (10) the disadvantage of women. By contrast（进一步说明文章在对比这两种模式）, the individualist feminist (名词首字母提炼为IF或I) tradition emphasizes individual human rights and celebrates women’s quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles （I的主要观点，可能有题要比较R和I的不同观点）and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant (15) responsibilities. Before (时间状语引出‘对比’，出题点) the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. Between 1890 and 1920, however(强转折，出题点，取非题), relational feminism, which had been the (20) dominant（过去时态――到1890年之前均dominant＋） strain in feminist thought, and which still pre- dominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground（一般过去时，1890－1920年间不流行－） in England and the United States. Because（强因果，出题点） the concept of individual rights was already well estab- lished in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, (25) individualist feminism came to predominate in English- speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem (并非真的相冲突) increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind (－带负评价的自由褒贬词) system with equal rights for all. Relational (30) feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities （R与I的共通处，出题点）outside the home should be avail- able for all women, continued to emphasize women’s special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers; they demanded special treatment (35) including protective legislation for women workers, state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensa- tion for housework. Relational arguments have a major pitfall（讲R的缺陷）: because（特殊符号冒号、because强因果同时出现，很可能有题，缺陷所在） they underline women’s physiological and psychological (40) distinctiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege (缺陷所在). But (强转折) the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, deny- ing the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly (45) patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant (I也有不妥) the family roles important to many women. If the individu- alist framework, with its claim for women’s autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for con- (50) temporary feminist politics could emerge.（作者评价，两模式各有优缺点，最好能取长补短，注意虚拟语态，很可能出题）

逻辑简图：

Organization: 两种模式的对比

D1：Two modes of argumentation……By contrast对比的模式R和I，及其各自的观点：R maintain… “equality in difference,” 对比 I emphasizes individual human rights……downplaying the importance of gender roles

D2：两种模式在不同时期的不同地位：Before (时间状语引出‘对比’，出题点) the late nineteenth century…coexisted……Between 1890 and 1920（时间对比, 取非即‘不再coexist’）, however(强转折，出题点),　R which had been the dominant……lost ground. (对比取非，得该时期I开始占主导) Because（强因果，出题点）讲I占主导的原因。the goals…seem… irreconcilable（出现新内容“goal”的对比，要注意）

D3：两种模式各自的缺点：R… major pitfall（－）: because（特殊符号冒号、because强因果同时出现，很可能有题）But (强转折) I… simply (－) treated as irrelevant...。If …could be harmonized, a more fruitful model…could emerge.虚拟语态(出题点)为作者的建议

Passage 22 The new (新老对比) school of political history that emerged in the 1960’s and 1970’s sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens. Like (新老的共通处) the old approach, however, this new approach excluded women. The very techniques these historians used to uncover mass political behavior in the nineteenth-century United State – quantitative analyses of election returns, for example – were useless(－负评价，以上两个ph均不好) in analyzing the political activities of women, who were denied the vote until 1920. By redefining “political activity,” historian Paula Baker has developed a political history that includes women. （又一个新方式，includes women――填补了上两个ph群体的不足，虽然没有评价，但对比取非可得＋评价）She concludes that among ordinary citizens, political activism by women in the nineteenth century prefigured trends in twentieth-century politics. Defining “politics” as “any action taken to affect the course of behavior of government or of the community,” Baker concludes that, while voting and holding office were restricted to men, women in the nineteenth century organized themselves into societies committed to social issues such as temperance and poverty. In other words, Baker contends, women activists were early practitioners of nonpartisan, issue-oriented politics and thus were more interested in enlisting lawmakers, regardless of their party affiliation, on behalf of certain issues than in ensuring that one party or another won an election. In the twentieth century, more men drew closer to women’s ideas about politics and took up modes of issue-oriented politics that Baker sees women as having pioneered.

逻辑简图：

Organization: 新老观点对比

D1：new ph群体与traditional (new, traditional得新老对比) ph 的focus 不同by examining ordinary citizens (对比取非，得老ph只研究精英) Like (新老的共通处) the old…, however (强转折，前面讲不同，转折以后又相同了), this new approach excluded women.　两个ph…useless(－负评价，以上两个ph均不好) in analyzing the political activities of women（因为1920年以前妇女不能投票）

D2：PB 的不同在于includes women，方式为By redefining “political activity”(以前的定义与PB的不同)。由于与上两个ph对比，PB填补了不足，应该为正评价（＋）。　本段中多次出现特殊符号“”，很可能出题。

老大， 不要弄这么复杂。。。

wpifox

sweetdream MM, 抱歉对你的ＴＳ的问题没有什么建设性意见，我自己做阅读通常是凭感觉．惭愧! 请其他ＮＮ帮忙，我也跟着学一点．

我现在的进度是：OG SC过了一遍，大全现在做了大约2/3. OG CR一遍，大全基本上快做完了，留了几套想考试前再做，feifei逻辑做了一遍．阅读有些落后，OG过了一遍，现在刚刚开始总结，阅读大全还没做呢，恐怕以后应该在阅读上多花些时间了．数学和作文也都刚刚开始看．要干的事情还真不少．希望到考试前不要手忙脚乱才好．我现在也就是对CR还比较有感觉，SC和RC的正确率不稳定，时好时坏，经常挺郁闷的．

我们一起加油吧！

sweetdream

以下是引用brace在2005-2-15 0:13:00的发言：

。

不同意。 呵呵。

为啥子不同意啊？偶这么做好象思路是清晰一些呢，至少可以节省阅读时间。不过不用真像画逻辑简图那么麻烦就是了。

说起画那个简图，还真是麻烦呢，有那个时间还不如多做一套阅读。除非错得离谱，否则偶也决定不画了，呵呵……

sweetdream

以下是引用wpifox在2005-2-15 13:33:00的发言：

sweetdream MM, 抱歉对你的ＴＳ的问题没有什么建设性意见，我自己做阅读通常是凭感觉．惭愧! 请其他ＮＮ帮忙，我也跟着学一点．　（偶其实也是凭感觉的，TS的问题我做中文阅读都有（是小学教育的错，误人子弟），别说英文了）

我现在的进度是：OG SC过了一遍，大全现在做了大约2/3. OG CR一遍，大全基本上快做完了，留了几套想考试前再做，feifei逻辑做了一遍．阅读有些落后，OG过了一遍，现在刚刚开始总结，阅读大全还没做呢，恐怕以后应该在阅读上多花些时间了．数学和作文也都刚刚开始看．要干的事情还真不少．希望到考试前不要手忙脚乱才好．我现在也就是对CR还比较有感觉，SC和RC的正确率不稳定，时好时坏，经常挺郁闷的．

我们一起加油吧！

MM你真让偶感到惭愧啊，你全职工作都做这么多题了，偶这个兼职上班的人还在这里蜗速前进。真是不比不知道，一比吓一跳啊。谢谢MM鞭策，偶要加油了！！！

NN们都说如果你的准确率不稳定，多半是OG没参透，还是停下来总结一下OG，摸清ETS的出题思路再做题吧，而且也要留点题来验证自己的总结的。

sweetdream

梦之队五月队开始接受报名了，MM去了吗？http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=34&star=9&replyid=824258&id=90021&skin=0&page=1

sweetdream

以下是引用davyq在2005-2-13 19:34:00的发言：
和高兴看到你的帖子，帮你顶！

谢谢支持！欢迎GG常来看看，一起探讨问题。

wpifox

以下是引用sweetdream在2005-2-15 16:01:00的发言：

MM你真让偶感到惭愧啊，你全职工作都做这么多题了，偶这个兼职上班的人还在这里蜗速前进。真是不比不知道，一比吓一跳啊。谢谢MM鞭策，偶要加油了！！！

NN们都说如果你的准确率不稳定，多半是OG没参透，还是停下来总结一下OG，摸清ETS的出题思路再做题吧，而且也要留点题来验证自己的总结的。

哎，其实也不是进度快啦，可能是我开始复习的时间早一点吧．我的效率也不是很高，每天下班回家总觉着累．

我想你说的对，我是应该再过两遍ＯＧ，谢谢ＭＭ提醒．祝ＭＭ复习顺利！

另，好象ＭＭ的ＧＲＥ和ＴＯＥＦＬ分都很高啊，我想你的ＧＭＡＴ一定能考个Ｎ分的，不用太担心!

sweetdream

生病真难受……严重影响复习效率!

感冒+allergy，打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、耳鸣、目赤红肿……一个多月了，呜~~~~~~~~~~

colacat

以下是引用sweetdream在2005-2-18 18:42:00的发言：

生病真难受……严重影响复习效率!

感冒+allergy，打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、耳鸣、目赤红肿……一个多月了，呜~~~~~~~~~~

mm要注意身体啊，尤其现在温差大就容易生病，加上备考辛苦，抵抗力会下降的。注意加减衣服多吃水果和蔬菜补充维生素。注意休息。

最好有时间锻炼锻炼身体。增强体质。

beautywawa

以下是引用sweetdream在2005-2-18 18:42:00的发言：

生病真难受……严重影响复习效率!

感冒+allergy，打喷嚏、流鼻涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、耳鸣、目赤红肿……一个多月了，呜~~~~~~~~~~

姊姊好可憐..建議姊姊先把病養好..再念書..這樣比較有效率...