【Native Speaker每日综合训练—43系列】【43-09】科技 Migration

efilwen

time 2: 2''29'''
Some birds fly to south in winter and back to north in summer to search for food. However, human activities are posting great threat to the migration of birds. The development of wet lands destructs the habitat of some birds and leaves them no suitable places for stopover sites, leading to the reduction of birds population. Besides, the changing climate and hunting by humans are also causing the decline of the number of birds.

time 3: 1''30'''
Governments, organizations and individuals are making effort to protect migratory birds. International treaties have been made to protect major migratory birds flyways and stopover habitats in different countries. Non-profit NGOs are organizing professionals to protect the ecology environment around the habitats of migratory birds.

time 4 : 3''08'''
It has long been known that birds are descended from dinosaurs, but it was still a mystery that how they evolved wings and the ability to fly. A recent study that illustrates the structure of ancient birds and functions of their limbs might illuminate this mystery and offer some hints for further study.

time 5: 1''47'''
The results of the recent study sound plausible and explain some long-time questions. However, the study is challenged by some other experts of bird evolution, who question the focus and reasoning of the new study.

time 6: 2''38'''
Global warming is changing the diet habit of fishes in the oceans as fishes that used to live in warmer areas are moving to colder regions to adjust themselves to the changing environment. However, their new habitats do not provide them with regular foods and they also face the competition from existing species in the new home, making them to alter their diet habit. Besides, the global warming also makes the sea water more acidic and less oxygen-rich. All of these factors have changed and will continually change the ecology of the ocean and oceanic creatures.

obstacle: 10''
Scientists have been studying how migratory birds adjust their velocity, height and V-shape with other birds and have found that birds doing those through sensory feedback. Loggers have been used to track the routine of migratory as well as the time of wing flapping and relative positions in the flying queue. Scientists finally find the magic number, an optimal number that one could communicate with others.  

油桃F

Speaker
Birds have molecules existing in their brain so that they could see magnetic field when migrating.

[Time 2] 2'03
[Time 3] 1'21
Migratory birds are deeply influenced by food and habitat, which may be threatened by human development. Several countries published some laws to protect these birds. Protection is focused on ecosystem.

[Time 4] 3'48
[Time 5] 2'11
A study showed birds evolved from small dinosaurs. There are two theories. First one indicates gliding and the other proposes a control system. Not everyone supports the idea. One person said gliding is unrelated to flapping.

[Time 6] 2'36
Animals choose to move when facing changeable temperature. Large animals and species that live in cooled areas are less likely to adapt to changeable environment. Global warming results in more CO2 and leaves less O2 for animals to reproduce.

Obstacle
Birds' migration is mysterious.
Scientists used new methods which were more accurate than that in the past to learn v-formation.
Scientists found a magic number-seven-which means migratory birds connect with their seven neighbors through technological programs.

ZOEYZHANG114

thank you for posting the interesting articles

古月小破烂

speaker
   birds can see magnetic field so that they can migrate from one place to another.
time 2 1’36
   migratory birds need availability of food and habitat all along their paths.
   great number of birds migrate and they got some threat.
time 3 1’18
   people try to protect migratory birds. they set law and learn how to help birds.
time 4 2’29
time 5 1’15
   research about how birds fly.
   about the dinosaurs using their arms to fly.
time 6 2’07
   because of global warming, fish move to colder place but some microorganism did not.
obstacle 5’57
   study about bird flight.
   about birds migrate in a v-formation
   some birds go by with their parents. and give some example
   the murmurations - the flocks.

泡泡跑跑

T2  01:27.0  Habitat destruction is the chief threat. Hunting is another.
T3  01:16.6  A large number of international treaties and domestic laws provide protection for migratory birds.
T4  02:56.1  Two theories have dominated the debate over how bird flight evolved. One is cursorial scenario. The other is arboreal scenario. Experts reanalyzed 4-Winged Dinosaur and guessed how birds control flight.
T5  01:31.1  Hall still couldn’t make a conclusion. Habib added that so-called distributed control system focusing on forelimbs, but Kevin who focused on hindlimbs disagreed with it.
T6  02:42.2  Due to global warming, increasing number of fishes need to migrate but their food don’t follow them. Fishes will face many threats such as temperate, food sources, competition and acid water.
Obstacle  06:50.0  There’s a long history human beings want to know how birds can fly but ancestors can’t explain it. But now, technology unlocks the mysteries of bird flight.
The author gives two example. The first is that scientists used GPS to attach to bald ibises in older to know how and why the birds migrate in a v-formation. The second is that a mechanical engineer used a software to know how the small flock of birds connect with others.

伊蔓达

谢谢cherry分享~~

Speaker
bird's migration is guided by earth magnetic ield

[Time 2] &[Time 3] 00:04:18.88
enviroment threats to migratory birds.
international and domestic laws provide protection for migratory birds.

[Time 4]&[Time 5] 00:04:39.71
two theories about how bird flight evolved.

[Time 6] 00:03:05.49
fish's food source may not  migrate with fishes , so fishes have to change their diet to adapt to the new habitat.
temperature fishes can tolerate decresase as latitude rises

[Paraphrase 7]00:06:17.25
new research using  technology can give answers to mysteries of bird flight ,such as flock and  they migrate in v-formation.

amyan1

第一天做，多多指教
因为是第一次练习，所以看到大家的速度死的心都有了，还有加上自己心里的默读，真的赶都赶不掉，最重要的是自己还在一遍读一遍口头翻译，活该这么慢。不过，以后会尽力改掉这个坏毛病，加油加油
speed
birds' eyes have a special molecule that can sense magnanism are in related to their brain, so that birds could fly along the magnetic field.

time2 2:13
the factors affect birds migrant
main :
      habitat dustruction <——human activity & climate change
      food shortage

time3 4:54
there are many practices to protect the migratory birds and ecosystem.
migratory birds :
     government——>us commit to protect these birds  
     non-government——> consult ornithologists and planner to identify some confortable place for the birds and their generations.
eco-system:
     some projects

time4 6:49
how dinosaur evolved into birds？
two main theories:
    race for prey
    gliding from tree want to aloft longer
new study show hindlimbs help dinosaur to fly
but another different argues that hindlime is just used to maneuver the bird when it turns.

time5 3:31
crashing is not good for dinosaur, how it happens?
there is a gap ,then the function is transferred to the hind limb.
another study refute that because the data is more conformity with the flapping fight rather than gliding.

time6 3:59
the reason that ocean livings move to another place
fishes are more sensitive to the climate changes than the plankton, so fishes move.
the effect that the migratory fishes make on the native fishes.
climate changes also have an effect on the all fishes and in order to analyze the compound factors, there are still a lot of data needed.

obstacle
11:26
a lot of things of birds are unknown to people. there are numerous theories but they're all hard to answer 2 question ?
   birds flock
   birds migration
two scientists used two technical method to find them out
GPS...to track the birds when they migrant to find out the V-formation.
Engneering (MATlab model, a small device)...to find out the number of a group of flock

影魔摇大…

2：2'32"
3:2'18"
4:3'55"
5:2'41"
6:3'40"
Ob:12'

xst_lee

cherry6891 发表于 2014-10-21 07:59
Part III: ObstacleTechnology Unlocks the Mysteries of Bird Flight
By Starre Vartan | Sep ...

2:06.80
Migratory birds are those bird that need to change habitat with the change of the season. However their survival conditions are becoming worse and worse.
Global climate change is one reason, since it change the pattern of the migratory birds' biologic clock, also the habitat along their migration routes. Wind farm and other changes in the habitat are the other threat of migratory birds.

1:48.15
Governments try to enact some laws to protect migratory birds in their migration season. Here are two law: the first one is between America Japan and Russia,the second one is between Europe and Egypt.

Since the efforts made by the goverments to protect these migratory birds are some limited, some non-profit oganization also devoted their time and money into the program of protecting these birds. One of the program is called Nature Conservation, which aimed at clarifying and protecting the habitat of these birds.

3:15.36
How did the bird evolve the ability to fly has been a mystery for a long time. Recent study give some light to the question.

There were main two theory try to explain the question above, the first one is that a kind of dinosours use some structure like wings to help them accelerate their speed to catch their prey. The other theory is that a kind of dinosours get used to move in the arboreal, and they use "wings" to make them stay longer in the air. With the development of these species, birds appeared. However a recent spicement gave an another evidence to support a new theory.

3:10

3:05.85 3;28.19 3:05.85
Climate change force creatures to change their chemicals in their body, or more often force them to move into a new enviroment.
Small creatures can adjust the climate change more easily than big creatures.
Native creatures will face the challenge from the invaded creatures, besides, they also need to face the challenge of climate change in their habitat. With the latitude's elevation, adapting to the climate change becomes more and  more difficult to fish. And with the acidity increase in the ocean, fish has less energy to grow up and reproduce.

alice_cd

speaker:research suggests that birds can see their way along the magnetic fields, which allows them to migrate thousands of miles from one place to another.
time2 131/min
lots of species of birds migrate long distances every year, which needs suitable habitat and food sources to survive. there are many threats to this process, such as natural obstruction, global warming, unsuitable sites, and hunting.
time3 162/min
governments do few contributions to the migratory birds, while private non-profits are working hard, such as employing lots of people to protect the key flyways, studying the environmental factors affecting it.
time4 135/min
time5 152/min
time6 136/min
obstacle