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neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-11】科技 mHealth
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=614107

“Doubtless the good surgeon will enjoy prodding and poking us with his arcane machinery,” Crater snipes.
Prod: to push something or someone with your finger or with a pointed object
arcane :mysterious and known only by a few people
snipe: to criticize someone unpleasantly

Dr. McCoy packs a medical “tricorder.” Wand the body with this hand-held computer, and seconds later it coughs up the particulars of a patient’s condition.
Wand ：a special thin stick waved by a person who is performing magic tricks(哈利波特不看了这个词竟然忘了。。。，，。)

Nor do they cause the shoulder strain of the cassette recorder-size clunkers of Trekkie lore. But in other respects, they’re the closest thing yet to the real McCoy.
cassette ：a flat rectangular device containing a very long strip of magnetic material that is used to record sound and/or pictures, or a machine that uses such devices

Ozcan’s sleek gizmos, which fit onto the back of a smartphone, count thousands of red and white blood cells in seconds; screen urine for signs of kidney disease; spot viruses like HIV and influenza in a smear of blood; and test water for bacteria, parasites and toxic chemicals. Another phone attachment, the iTube, scanned for microscopic specks of allergy-causing peanut in what one of Ozcan’s journal articles last year described as “3 different kinds of Mrs. Fields Cookies.”
sleek ：(especially of hair, clothes or shapes) smooth, shiny and lying close to the body, and therefore looking well cared for; not untidy and with no parts sticking out
gizmo：any small device with a particular purpose

The ones in the original “Star Trek” series resembled antediluvian Walkmen. Ozcan’s devices are the size of a lipstick case or matchbox.
antediluvian ：/ˌæn.ti.dɪˈluː.vi.ən/ ：extremely old-fashioned:

“This is honestly one of our first hacks,” he told me with a touch of nostalgia, pulling out a six-year-old Nokia phone that he’d somehow retooled into a lens-free digital microscope.
nostalgia ：a feeling of pleasure and sometimes slight sadness at the same time as you think about things that happened in the past

I’d visited Ozcan during a week in January when temperatures tripped into the 80s. So when one of his postdocs, Qingshan Wei, a 32-year-old with stylish clip-on shades, asked if I wanted to scope out the waves in Marina del Rey, I raised no objection.
clip-on ：describes something that is fastened with a clip
shade：dark glasses:
scope out ：to look carefully to see if something or someone is interesting or attractive

We splashed barefoot into shin-deep surf, and Wei pipetted seawater into a small plastic box on the back of the phone.
Pipette：a thin glass tube used especially in biology and chemistry for measuring or moving a small amount of liquid

Similar tests performed by a full-scale environmental laboratory are very expensive, Wei told me. They also require schlepping the sample to the lab, for a complicated analysis called inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
Schlep：to move yourself or an object with effort and difficulty:
inductively ：using a particular set of facts or ideas to form a general principle:（这个词忘记了不应该啊）

The brains of the system are Ozcan’s algorithms, which turn the phone’s humdrum camera into a powerful optical instrument that sees what the eye can’t, then tells us how worried to be.
Humdrum（normal） ：having no excitement, interest, or new and different events:

His devices—because they piggyback on GPS-enabled smartphones—no sooner test a sample than they can send time- and location-stamped results to your doctor, an environmental agency or, say, Google Maps.
piggyback ：to use something that someone else has made or done in order to get an advantage:

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-10】科技
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=614107

Other animals may also pass along the disease. Great apes and species of forest-dwelling antelope may catch Ebola and infect hunters or anyone who eats tainted bush meat, he says.
tainted : to spoil something, especially food or blood, by adding a harmful substance, or to spoil people's opinion of someone:

Bushmeat: The term bushmeat, also called wildmeat and game meat, refers to meat from non-domesticated mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds hunted for food in tropical forests.

“We didn’t stumble across any dead animals,” he says.
stumble across: to discover something by chance, or to meet someone by chance:

In the case of bats, Olival says, people could have come into contact with an infected animal’s urine, feces or saliva.
feces /ˈfiː.siːz/: the solid waste passed out of the body of a human or animal through the bowels:
saliva /səˈlaɪ.və/ :the liquid produced in your mouth to keep the mouth wet and to help to prepare food to be digested

That would be an ecological disaster because bats pollinate plants and devour insects.
devour /dɪˈvaʊər/ :to destroy something completely:

For instance, researchers at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that bats in caves in Uganda, where, in 2007 and 2008, miners and tourists had contracted the related Marburg virus, give off more virus during twice-yearly birthing seasons.

Stopping the pest requires knowing the right perp.
Perp（perpetrator /ˈpɜː.pə.treɪ.tər/）: someone who has committed a crime or a violent or harmful act:

Transferring an A. rigidus predator – a type ofladybug -- from its native habitat quelled an outbreak that hopped between Indonesian islands in 2005.
quell : to stop something, especially by using force:
The study authors believe this tactic could end the infestation in the Philippines.

Five years ago, flat circular bugs called scale insects began sapping life from coconut trees in the Philippines. As many as 60 million of the insects can encrust the lower leaf surfaces of a single tree.
encrust :to give someone a thing or a duty for which they are responsible:

Fruit yields have plummeted. If the pest continues unabated, the Philippines could lose 60 percent of its coconut crop, denting its $1 billion in annual export earnings, according to Philippines government estimates.
unabated: without becoming weaker in strength or force:

The correct identification of scale insects almost always depends on morphological details, says evolutionary ecologist Penny Gullan of the Australian National University in Canberra, who wasn’t involved in the study.
morphological : the scientific study of the structure and form of animals and plants

Watson discovered that the true culprit wasn’t A. destructor. The insects causing the coconut die-off carry a more rigid cuticle, she found, pointing toward its ID as A. rigidus.
cuticle cuticle: the thin skin at the base of the nails on the fingers and toes

In pictures of the scale insect taken in the Philippines, she discovered a crescent shape in the laid eggs, another characteristic of A. rigidus.
crescent : /ˈkres.ənt/ (something with) a curved shape that has two narrow pointed ends, like the moon when it is less than half of a circle:

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-09】文史哲 orphan
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They have also discovered that in case of girls puberty was delayed, on average, by 2 years, while in case of boys it was delayed by a year and a half.
Puberty: the stage in a person's life when they develop from a child into an adult because of changes in their body that make them able to have children:

This extensive study shows that growing up in an orphanage can substantially stall early cognitive and physical development
stall: to stop making progress:

At the time, despite an international outcry over Romania’s orphan problem, many Romanian officials staunchly believed that the behavioural problems of institutionalised children were innate — the reason their parents had left them there, rather than the result of institutional life.
outcry : a strong expression of anger and disapproval about something, made by a group of people or by the public:
staunchly ：/ˈstɔːntʃ.li/ strongly:
innate ：An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned:

So the study went ahead, and exactly how it did so is the crux of my story.
crux :the most important or serious part of a matter, problem, or argument:

I chalked it up to the lasting shadow of Nicolae Ceaușescu, the Romanian dictator who, for decades before his assassination in 1989, had deliberately cultivated the population of institutionalized orphans to ensure loyalty to the state.
chalk up : to achieve something, such as a victory, or to score points in a game:

The incarcerated babies grew more quickly, were larger and did better in every way Spitz could measure
incarcerate /ɪnˈkɑː.sər.eɪt/ : to put or keep someone in prison or in a place used as a prison:

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—40系列】【40-11】文史哲
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=614107
很好的教育类文章写作材料，学习了！
Students crave emotional mentorship from their teachers that their parents can’t give them.
crave ：to have a strong or uncontrollable want for something

Between the long-term trend toward the use of adjuncts and other part-time faculty and the recent rush to online instruction, we seem to be deciding that we can do without teachers in college altogether, at least in any meaningful sense.
Adjunct: something added or connected to a larger or more important thing:

You learn them through incessant repetition and incremental variation and extension under the close supervision of an experienced practitioner.
incessant : never stopping, especially in an annoying or unpleasant way

I myself became a decent teacher only when I started to relinquish some control over the classroom—stopped worrying so much about “getting my points across” and recognized that those moments of disorder that would sometimes occur, those spontaneous outbreaks of intelligence, were the most interesting parts of the class, for both my students and myself.
relinquish ：to give up something such as a responsibility or claim

They want you to be yourself. You need to step outside the role a bit, regard it with a little irony, if only to acknowledge the dissonance between the institution and the spirit.
dissonance : disagreement

这篇文章是很好的写作材料：重点段自己记在笔记上就不上传了。。

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—31系列】【31-14】文史哲
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=614107

I had naively thought I could take a light-hearted romp through genotyping, brain scans, and a few personality tests and explain how a fully conscious unique individual emerges from the genetic primordial ooze.
Genotype/ˈdʒen.ə.taɪp/: the particular type and arrangement of genes that each organism has
romp through : to successfully do something, quickly and easily
primordial : existing at or since the beginning of the world or the universe
ooze : to flow slowly out of something through a small opening, or to slowly produce a thick sticky liquid

Instead, I found myself scrambling to navigate bumpy empirical ground that was constantly shifting beneath my feet.
bumpy :not smooth

How could a humble science writer possibly make sense of something so elusively complex when the world’s most brilliant thinkers are still grappling with this marvelous integration that makes us us?
elusively :difficult to describe, find, achieve or remember

“You can’t. Why should you?” Poeppel asked bluntly when I poured out my woes.
Woe: extreme sadness

There’s likely a genetic component that determines specific taste receptors. I am sensitive to bitterness, a recessive genetic trait that enables me to detect the presence of compounds called glucosinolates found in most cruciferous vegetables.
recessive ：(of genes and the physical qualities they control) only appearing in a child if both parents supply the controlling gene
隐性的

3. My brain scan—courtesy of neuroscientist David Eagleman’s lab—told me nothing about who I am, but it did confirm that I have very clear sinuses.
courtesy of : because of
sinuse: any of the spaces inside the head that are connected to the back of the nose

When it comes to the central question—are alcoholics born or made?—science equivocates by answering truthfully, “Eh, it’s a bit of both, actually.”  
Equivocate: to speak in a way that is intentionally not clear and confusing to other people, especially to hide the truth:

6. My avatar alter ego, Jen-Luc Piquant, might be more like me than I realize.
Avatar: an image that represents you in online games, chat rooms, etc. and that you can move around the screen:

7. I was an incorrigible tomboy growing up, so it’s probably a good thing I wasn’t born in the 17th century, where my dress and behavior would have been deemed “unnatural”—unless I had the good fortune to be born into French aristocracy, where such peccadilloes were tolerated, if not fully embraced.
incorrigible : An incorrigible person or behaviour is bad and impossible to change or improve
tomboy : a girl who acts and dresses like a boy, liking noisy, physical activities
peccadillo: /ˌpek.əˈdɪl.əʊ/:  a small fault or a not very bad action

But deeply ingrained attitudes about gender still infuse every aspect of society today, and it remains socially unacceptable, for instance, for little boys to love princesses or Easy-Bake Ovens.
ingrain : to establish something such as a belief so firmly that it is not likely to change:
infuse : to fill someone or something with an emotion or quality:

Our memories might not be as accurate as we think—we fabricate and embellish even when we believe ourselves to be truthful—but this so-called autobiographical self is key to how we construct a unified whole out of the many components that contribute to our sense of self.
fabricate ： to invent or produce something false in order to deceive

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-05】科技
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=614107

“This was a seminal moment in American science journalism, really in science journalism worldwide,” says Littmann, author of The Heavens on Fire The Great Leonid Meteor Storms.
seminal /ˈsem.ɪ.nəl/ : containing important new ideas and having a great influence on later work:

“Until then, the newspapers were mostly political rags, filled with opinion, but here they did a very good job of dispassionately reporting on the meteors, calming people down that it wasn’t ‘The End of Days.’”
Rag: a newspaper or magazine that is considered to be of bad quality:

Olmsted realized that the meteors must be smacking into Earth’s atmosphere from outer space.
Smack：a hit from someone's flat hand as a punishment:

He also surmised they originated from a body in a very elongated orbit around the sun, but it would not be until 1867 that astronomers made the connection between meteors and the dust left behind in comet tails, linking the trail of comet Tempel-Tuttle to the Perseids.
Surmise: to guess something, without having much or any proof:

In TMS, an electromagnetic coil placed on the head produces small electrical currents that stimulate nerve cells close to the brain’s surface.
coil : a length of rope, hair, or wire, arranged into a series of circles, one above the other:

The researchers instead turned to a spot near the top left surface of the brain’s wrinkly outer layer that’s known to work closely with the hippocampus.
Wrinkly: 发皱地

Now, archaeologists working at Gorham’s Cave, a former Neandertal haunt on the coast of Gibraltar, report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they have found this crosshatched pattern etched into the hard rock floor of the cave (see photo above).
Etch： to cut a pattern, picture, etc. into a smooth surface, especially on metal or glass, using acid or a sharp instrument:

Changes in land cover affect the global climate by absorbing and reflecting solar radiation, and by altering fluxes of heat, water vapour, carbon dioxide and other trace gases. Detailed assessments — regional, global, daily and seasonal — of land use and land cover are needed to monitor biodiversity loss and ecosystem dynamics and to aid in reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation
Flux: continuous change:

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-04】科技 Red wine
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The decanting of red wines has a long tradition in high quality wine service and can be done solely to add a special flourish at a meal.
decanting :to pour a liquid from one container into another

Some young red wines--between three and 10 years older than the vintage date--can be harsh or astringent if consumed directly after opening the bottle.
Astringent：describes remarks that are clever but unkind or criticize someone:

Decanting also apparently ¿softens¿ the taste of the tannins that cause harshness and astringency in young wines. [268 words]
tannin one of) a group of chemicals that are found in plant cells, especially in leaves, bark (= a tree's outer covering), and fruit that is not yet ready to eat

Less dramatic changes can be achieved by just uncorking a bottle 15 to 60 minutes prior to pouring.
Uncork： to open a bottle by pulling out its cork (= a cylinder-shaped piece of soft wood used to close it):

This sediment is safe to consume, but if it is not removed it will make the wine look cloudy and taste gritty.
gritty ：showing all the unpleasant but true details of a situation:

The ¿bottle bouquet¿ of old wines, especially very old wines, can be exceptionally fleeting, often disappearing in less than 20 minutes.
fleeting ：short or quick:

Fatalists claim it won't be long until there will be more produced in China than in Europe.
Fatalist: the belief that people cannot change the way events will happen and that events, especially bad ones, cannot be avoided

To some observers, these prognostications illustrate the wide-ranging adaptive capacity of the wine grape, Vitis vinifera.
prognostication : a judgment or the act of making a judgment about what is likely to happen in the future:

These hallowed and fiercely protected topographical regions are famous for imparting inimitable characteristics to their vintages.
topographical : the physical appearance of the natural features of an area of land, especially the shape of its surface

Lee Hannah, senior research fellow at Conservation International and the study's lead author, pointed out that the hallmark of wine cultivation is suitability.
hallmark : a typical characteristic or feature of a person or thing:
"Wine grapes have been grown wherever it has been expedient to do so," Hannah said. "Until 60 years ago, most French wine wasn't even French."

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-03】文史哲 debate
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The idea of debates being a less consequential campaign event will likely seem counter-intuitive to many.
counter-intuitive :describes something that does not happen in the way you would expect it to:

But not so fast. While political pundits love to impart great meaning and importance to these events, political scientists aren't so convinced.
Pundit: a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is therefore often asked to give an opinion about it

Reagan's zinger against Mondale was highly effective, but incumbents who win 49 states don't need a great debate line to ride to victory.
Incumbentfficially having the named position

While Reagan held a small lead going into the debate, by the weekend before election day, polls showed him approaching a landslide-like advantage.
landslide : the winning of an election with an extremely large number of votes:

If Americans needed reassurance that they could trust Reagan in the White House, the debate clinched it.
Clinch: to finally get or win something

According to Sides, Gore's unfortunate show of contemptuous impatience may have shifted the polls by two to three points in sympathy with his opponent, Bush.
Contempt: a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something:

Or, still more importantly, while the debates gave him a boost in the polls, they didn't have the effect of fundamentally reversing the trajectory of the race.
trajectory : the curved path that an object follows after it has been thrown or shot into the air:
This is perhaps the most important factor: debates might affect the polls around the margins, but they have never had a seismic impact on a presidential campaign.
seismic : having very great and damaging effects:

And this brings us back to Mitt Romney. If the latest public opinion polls are to be believed, the Romney campaign is in serious and deepening trouble. Not only is he trailing in the national polls, but he is also losing badly in swing state polls from Ohio, Virginia and Florida, each of which suggests that Obama is opening up sizable, even insurmountable, leads.
trail : to be losing to your competitor in a competition:
insurmountable /ˌɪn.səˈmaʊn.tə.bl̩/ : (especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully:

No matter how well Romney does in his debates with Obama, what reason is there to believe that he can do well enough to reverse this increasingly dire trend?
dire : very bad:

Have any actions to date by the gaffe-tastic Romney given credence to the notion that he has the political chops to change the direction of the race in these debates?
credence : the belief that something is true:

If anything, because of his now almost daily faux pas, even the smallest slip-up has the potential to dominate post debate coverage.
faux pas: words or behaviour that are a social mistake or not polite:

The guy is practically going to have to bat 1,000, just to eke out a win.
eke out : to use something slowly or carefully because you only have a small amount of it:

Unless the president uses the debate to unleash a profanity-laced diatribe against the people of Ohio and Florida, it's very hard to imagine anything he could do or say that would badly hurt him. To be honest, even if he were, inexplicably, to do such a thing, I'm not convinced it would cost him the election. Considering the current polarization of the electorate and the dearth of undecided voters – short of Obama's breaking out the legendary "whitey" tape, or admitting that, yes, he was born in Kenya – he's likely safe.
dearth : an amount or supply that is not large enough:
unleash : to suddenly release a violent force that cannot be controlled:
diatribe :an angry speech or piece of writing that severely criticizes something or someone:

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-02】文史哲
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=614107
不知道为毛感觉speed我一定在哪读过，但是哪个时候读的越障讲的是为毛美国高科技公司中女性少亚裔多非洲裔少并且如何改变现状、。。尼玛我是穿越了么。。。
The difference between that policy and her sticking with the email ban, however, is that the former may have been more “antagonistic” in nature
antagonistic /ænˌtæɡ.əˈnɪs.tɪk/ : actively opposing or showing unfriendliness towards something or someone

“I think it’s important for any policy that it be the best thing for that class and those students and even the professor, and not [used] haphazardly.”
Haphazardly/ˌhæpˈhæz.əd/: not having an obvious order or plan

A diverse enterprise has the wherewithal to buffer collective strengths and bridge individual weaknesses, to zig when others zag and to respond fluidly regardless of shifts in the business environment and consumer landscape.
buffer : to provide protection against harm

The upbringing（教育、抚养） that gives you the skills you need to do well professionally doesn't necessarily provide you with the mindset you need to excel professionally.
upbringing : the way in which someone is treated and educated when they are young, especially by their parents, especially in relation to the effect which this has on how they behave and make moral decisions

During her four years as the 67th secretary of state, Hillary Rodham Clinton visited 112 countries and logged 956,733 miles, setting a record as the most well-traveled U.S. envoy in history.
envoy :someone who is sent as a representative from one government or organization to another

But as Clinton mulls a second run for the presidency in 2016, there is one other number she may want to consider.
Mull: to heat wine or beer with added sugar and spices:

At a time when there were few prominent national figures and only white men who owned property could vote, the pool of presidential contenders came mostly from the vice presidency and the most senior cabinet position.
contender : someone who competes with other people to try to win something

The party caucuses formally selected the candidates but presidents guided the process.
Caucus: in the US, a meeting held to decide which candidate a political group will support in an election

Adams won the day with the help of Kentuckian Henry Clay, who detested the populist Jackson and threw his support to the New Englander.
Detest: to hate someone or something very much:

“After the Civil War, the position's requirements changed,” says Walter LaFeber, a professor emeritus at Cornell University and a historian of U.S. foreign relations.
emeritus /ɪˈmer.ɪ.təs/ no longer having a position, especially in a college or university, but keeping the title of the position:

Some of the most effective secretaries, LeFeber says, were corporate lawyers like Elihu Root, Philander Knox and Robert Lansing -- establishment figures not interested in or known for their glad-handing skills with the hoi polloi.
hoi polloi: ordinary people

“There is an elitism to running foreign policy,” says historian Douglas Brinkley.
elitism : the quality of being elitist (elites)

“You’re thinking about the world at large, but Americans like populists. You’ve got to play big in Des Moines, not in Paris. It used to be in the early republic that having your time in Paris was a big credential for president. It’s no longer that.”
credential : the abilities and experience that make someone suitable for a particular job or activity, or proof of someone's abilities and experience:

neverland1021

【Native Speaker每日综合训练—41系列】【41-01】经管 Short Selling
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All in all, these findings are unlikely to satisfy either the political factions who pushed to introduce this regulation in an effort to curb market instability, or the cacophony of discontent from the hedge funds and financial institutions impacted.
cacophony : an unpleasant mixture of loud sounds
discontent : a feeling of wanting better treatment or an improved situation

Notifications are also triggered for every 0.1% change in net short positions within these parameters.
Parameter: a set of facts or a fixed limit that establishes or limits how something can or must happen or be done:

Approximately 83% of all the reported short positions were held by entities domiciled in the U.K. or the U.S.
Domicile/ˈdɒm.ɪ.saɪl/:the place where a person lives

but this merely underlines that the clamour for more regulation, as well as the industry push-back, is all too often overdone.
clamour ：to make a loud complaint or demand