询问一个语法现象 嵌入式关系分句（附三道原题）

waterblue01

           OG-13-120.

           The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.

(A ) a phenomenon most scientists agree to be caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

(B ) a phenomenon most scientists agree that is caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

(C) a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings’ burning of fossil fuels,

(D) which most scientists agree on as a phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

(E) which most scientists agree to be a phenomenon caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

      Prep2012-Pack1-SC-030
      A recent poll of elected officials suggests that candidates, when in the midst of a tough campaign, often make statements about an opponent that they may not think is true.
           A. Is
           B. are
          C. to be
          D. of as
          E. it is

    SC1000-145

      Astronomersat the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they believe is a type previously unknown to science.

(A) that they believe is

(B) that they believe it to be

(C) they believe that it is of

(D) they believe that is

(E) they believe to be of

         
三道题依次选 C，A，E
问题在这里，三道题看上去都是一个结构    但是为何前两个选 is 第三个选 to be，然后 前两个有that，第三个没有that

（章振邦的《新编英语语法》（CD上有下载），在1193—1395页赫然发现一个语法词条——嵌入式关系分句），详解如下：
    “有一种关系分句（即定语从句），它既是先行项的后置修饰语（即定语），同时又是另外一个分句结构的宾语（即宾语从句）”此分句结构就被嵌入在定语从句中，即嵌入式关系分句。
该书举例：

In his breast-pocket he hada patch of scarlet, which i suppose was the paper cap serving as ahandkerchief.
注意两点：

1）从句which was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 首先是 patch of scarlet的定语从句。         

2）从句which（patch of scarlet） was the paper cap serving as a handkerchief 也是i suppose 的宾语从句，即I suppose （that）the patch of scarlet was the paper cap serving asa handkerchief 。

综上所述，当一个定语从句同时是另一个主谓结构的宾语从句是，就可以写为嵌入式关系分句

brfmzbjz

这三个例子情况并不是一样的

前面两个句子
that 在定语从句里做主语 所以不能省略
a phenomenon that is caused by..

第三个句子
that 在定语从句中做宾语 可以省略

由于one 指代的是 a explosion,
因此 they believe (the explosion) to be OF a type
必须加上of
爆炸本身不是一种type

所以只能选E

waterblue01

brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-7-4 16:17
这三个例子情况并不是一样的

前面两个句子

大牛！貌似有点儿懂了。特别是最后解释type的地方，醍醐灌顶呀。

话说还有一点儿小疑问，希望能进一步解释一下。

第三个that为啥在定语从句中做宾语呢？不是one that is of a type..么？

另外不知道这三种是否属于我上面引述的语法书上说的那个语法现象，还是就是单纯的插入语（most scientists agree; they may not think; they believe）

waterblue01

brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-7-4 16:17
这三个例子情况并不是一样的

前面两个句子

另外能否稍微询问一下这个加 of 的做法是什么语法现象。thx！

brfmzbjz

waterblue01 发表于 2014-7-4 16:32
大牛！貌似有点儿懂了。特别是最后解释type的地方，醍醐灌顶呀。

话说还有一点儿小疑问，希望能进一步解 ...

如果A选项是
one that (they believe) is of a type
我觉得是OK的 这就跟前面两个例子是一个情况

做宾语，转换来看就是：
they believe one(= an explosion) to be of a type

属于...类型 be of a type
这其实是of的用法

waterblue01

brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-7-4 17:12
如果A选项是
one that (they believe) is of a type
我觉得是OK的 这就跟前面两个例子是一个情况

谢谢。但是按照你的这个解释
第二个不是可以理解成 they may not think an opponent to be true..
我当时这道题就选了 to be。。

waterblue01

brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-7-4 17:12
如果A选项是
one that (they believe) is of a type
我觉得是OK的 这就跟前面两个例子是一个情况

谢谢。但是按照你的这个解释
第二个不是可以理解成 they may not think an opponent to be true..
我当时这道题就选了 to be。。

brfmzbjz

waterblue01 发表于 2014-7-4 18:47
谢谢。但是按照你的这个解释
第二个不是可以理解成 they may not think an opponent to be true..
我当时 ...

believe to be 是 idiom
think to be 不是

高三文转理

兄弟，第二道题选答案给的是B.这个结构我真是有点看不懂

高三文转理

因为opponent没有TRUE 这一说。。只有STATEMENTS有TRUE这一说。 但是这个THAT用的我是真迷糊，难道是为了结构舒服THAT直接跳过介词指代了STATEMENTS,来避免头重脚轻吗？