学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆---Day20的备考倒计时

钧宁

哈哈 醒醒加油！！！！我们就靠你了！！

醒醒Shine

DAY14
√ 单词4lists
√ SC：重温ＯＧ１３，好多感慨：
1、 to be 和That clause做主语，语法不错误，但是在GMAC看来就是awkward。it做placeholder是正道。不要在怀疑！！
2、读A句，最重要的是找到核心描述对象是谁，围绕这个对象本句叙述了哪些跟它相关的信息。如果偷梁换柱的描述对象，一定错；如果修饰词挪动了修饰对象，一定错；如果conj导致原句强调的逻辑改变，一定错；明明有固定搭配的用法硬要弄个不熟悉的结构，基本都错。不要在怀疑！！！
3、without。。。的句型，要注意也是虚拟语气句子。碰到if就要注意前后时态！！！
4、now是副词，紧跟在v之后修饰。这种死记硬背的位置，细节不能忽略！
5、* manhattan关于allow的习语总结：RIGHT：The holiday ALLOWS Maria TO WATCH the movie.（=permits）
       Maria WAS ALLOWED TO WATCH the moive. 【常用】
       The demolition of the old building ALLOWS FOR new construction
                                                         （=permits the existence of）

其余都不对！！
6、as much/many as这一类比较题，容易引起歧义的就是后面是否补足的问题。如果会有歧义，那就是unclear的选项。 OG13  79
Ry∆nosuke Akutagawa’s knowledge of the literatures of Europe, China, and that of Japan were instrumental in his development as a writer, informing his literary style as much as the content of his fiction.

(A) that of Japan were instrumental in his development as a writer, informing his literary style as much as——究竟谁跟谁对等？有歧义。did his knowledge inform his style as much as it informed the content, or did it inform his style as much as the content informed his style?

(B) that of Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, and it informed both his literary style as well as

(C) Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style and

(D) Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, as it informed his literary style as much as

(E) Japan were instrumental in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style in addition to


7、前面名词出现过多，pron指代不清的问题，最好就是直接重复那个n。OG13 81

醒醒Shine

2天暴力把prep07-1的169题刷完了。总结疏漏：

热考点：
1、that 和 which的问题。
that是特制，会缩小前面n的范围；which是泛指，描述前面n的一个特色。
障眼法：有时候也不绝对是在考that的修饰，碰到一个把whose eggs require和 that have eggs requiring对比的。考点变成了“拥有”的表达。

2、各种混淆视听的比较，正确只有三种：
(at least) as great as
as great as or greater than
greater than

3、it做形式宾语，只有3种正确表达：
make it n/adj to do
make it adj that...
make it adj why...

4、宾语从句的that省略问题：
在it is said/thought/announced (that)...都出现了省略的情况，记住。

5、sth's ving 被GMAC会经常认为不地道的表达被嫌弃，一般都不如直接用v做谓语来得简洁有效。

6、强调句的it没有任何意义，故不会与句子中其他有实际指代的it冲突。

7、each+单数可数名词+prep

8、插入语：
当出现插入语的时候，认为隔断了其前后的逻辑修饰关系，那么不受影响，可以跳跃指代。

9、while：引导从句时，如果主句和从句主语一致，且从句谓语又含有be/助动词，则从句主语和be/助动词可省略。while后可直接跟分词，介词，adj或prep短语。
例句：We are teahcers  while serving as students.

Prep2012-Pack1-SC-020 VSC07621 Medium
Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the decree to which their analytical skills are weak.
A. Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak. there be句型不清晰和unlike部分的对比，错。
B. Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak. 对比对象错。
C. Unlike computer skills or other technical skills, analytical skills bring out a disinclination in many people to recognize that they are weak to a degree. bring out sth in sb to recognize..动作recognize的发出者究竟是analytical skills还是people？people不在核心词位置而是介宾部分。
D. Many people, willing to admit that they lack computer skills or other technical skills, are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills are weak.
E. Many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analytical skills while willing to admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.这里while前后对比不平行，前面是have a disinclination,后面是willing to admit. 改成：Many people are disinclined to recognize.... while wiilling to admit....应该就可以。

OG的解释：The point of this sentence is to contrast how people feel about their computer skills or other technical skills with how they feel about their analytical skills. However, the awkward, wordy construction that begins with there is confuses this comparison, so that computer skills... are illogically contrasted with disinclination. Making the sentence more concise allows the contrast to be clear.

10、on account of, because of, despite/in spite of , as a result of , due to，like/unlike 之后只能接简单的名词短语。不接ving, sb's doing，且名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分词来修饰时或后面跟动词的抽象名词形式===》都要改为because，although等conj的句子更适合。

醒醒Shine

CR 感悟：由此及彼，RC的文章大部分结构都如此；AWA的作文就是让你自己写一篇质疑
1 学会质疑：没有天衣无缝的论断。没发现的不代表不存在；发现了不代表是真的（眼花眼瞎不专业）；同时发生不代表互为因果；人无完人总有漏掉的evidence；样本和整体，有代表性吗？相对和绝对——参照物选对了吗？是同一的吗？
This conclusion must be depended on the assumptions that.... However, as we all know, .... For instance, .... This example illustrates that sometimes.... Consequently, XXX really need to study this case and review that..  carefully.
2 学会算账：收支对比是王道。总有遗漏的成本、收入===》影响利润；只要整体利润增加，不管其中有增有减
It goes extreme to state that..../ It is still premature for sb to espouse that...  We don't know whether...., and whether....  But if ...., XXX might not have the opportunity to ..., not even to speak of.... Therefore, in order to ...., the author ought to plan carefully through the entire process and make sure that each part will work together with the XXX's final goal.
3 plan-to-go：个人意愿？是否真的是非A既B的选择？
Neglecting....., this claim leaves to open the possibility that.....
4 可比性：比较的两个方案/对象/事物 真的有可比性吗？特性、背景。
The differences between A and B clearly outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy less valid that.....
RC 文章：
新老观点对比（批判老观点缺乏与时俱进、遗漏重点evidence、逻辑因果倒置、以偏概全、成本效益分析遗漏、assumption有误、个人意愿忽略、可比性不存在因此无法类推）
解释现象（看似不合理的现象内部，弄清谁是因谁是果，给出一个解释并且照出支持的论据。论据可能是evidence，逻辑分析反推正推）
问题解决（首先弄清待解决的对象是什么，究竟哪个点有困难。然后文章提出的解决方案优缺点，作者是否有态度）



SC感悟：
1、关于each of 后面接单数可数名词………………连错三题都是each = =
2、skills是可数名词………………

醒醒Shine

PREP2012 72题

A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly a result from increasing sea surface temperatures during the same period
(A) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly a result from increasing
(B) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a result of an increase in
(C) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasing
(D) creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resulting from an increase in
(E) creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possibly resulted from increasing


A：从原句分析：一个study revealed that 某物 suffer 了creatures of the seabed，原因是缺乏food supplies，而造成这个缺乏又是……的原因
===》得出结论，food supplies并不影响主论元的内容（只要这个某物存在，就能跟主句构成一个完整的句意）
B：对比看B选项，food supplies被放到了因果从句的部分。

RON的解释：
Choice A:
you can have it as an adjective modifier, without a comma - as in the following sentence:
the flooding resulting from the abnormally strong storms had left six inches of standing water in the street.
note that the boldface is an adjective modifier, modifying 'flooding'.
it appears that on the gmat, as well as in standard written english in general, 'resulting from' after a comma is generally considered unacceptable.

OG的解释：
The correct version of this sentence needs to clarify the causal logic of the study: increasing sea surface temperatures may cause dwindling food which cause creatures of the sea bed to suffer.  重在三者的因果陈述
A. The placement of the final appositive (possibly a result. . . ) causes confusion as to what is being described—dwindling food or suffering creatures; the preposition from is not idiomatic.当用suffering from结构的时候，from是介词顺承，并没有真正更好地把前面creatures和supplies两个词的上下级拉开。
B. Correct. This sentence clarifies the causal relationships among suffering creatures, dwindling food supplies and increasing temperatures 对比看B，通过because的conj，更能清晰反应前面两个词的逻辑主次（supplies导致了creature suffer），那么appositive同位语放在后面（抽象名词result+that clause时是修饰主语，而不是就近）更清晰的体现了在修饰核心词。

醒醒Shine

模考PREP01 做到地40题还有8min，最怕的就是自己节奏不够好，35min的时候题目做到20左右就好。
SC：5题  邪门
CR：1题 恩这次都简单。唯一错的一题就是题目没读懂的——阅读是关键，不用抢时间
RC：2题 不难

SC看看
总结一：避免歧义出发，也不能总是依赖A句（特别是当A句本身有歧义时）。但是感觉这样的题在新prep里几乎没遇到了。
241. As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream of atomic particles known as the solar wind.
(A)  As well as heat and light, the Sun is the source of a continuous stream
(B)  Besides heat and light, also the Sun is the source of a continuous stream
(C)  Besides heat and light, the Sun is also the source of a continuous streaming
(D)  The Sun is the source not only of heat and light, but also of a continuous stream
(E)  The Sun is the source of not only heat and light but, as well, of a continuous streaming

总结二：that are修饰意义上的微妙——that后面的谓语动词的动作发出者是有特定主语的。这个主语会跟它去修饰的对象之间有逻辑上的关系。
So-called green taxes, which exact a price for the use of polluting or nonrenewable fuels, are having a positive effect on the environment and natural resource base of countries as varied as China, the Netherlands, and Hungary.

a. Same as above 这些coutries有CNH这一类的国家（类似列举）
b. as varied as are
c. as varied as those of
d. that are as varied as 句意变成了跟C,N,H一样varied的国家
e. that are varied as are

Manhattan的解释：
There's a very subtle difference in meaning, although Stacey is correct that the main issue is that of redundancy/wordiness. But consider the difference between these two sentences, which would illustrate the point:
(1) I get mail from cities as far away as Providence.
(2) I get mail from cities that are as far away as Providence.

If I'm in San Francisco, then sentence #2 means, strangely enough, that I get mail from cities that are all exactly 3,082 miles away (the distance from SF to Providence). Sentence #1 implies no such thing.

Similarly, the wrong answer (D) seems to imply that EACH country is somehow as 'varied' as EACH other country. That's not the intended meaning, which is that the SET of countries is varied.

总结三：再谈时态——今昔对比的hint
Ozone, a special form of oxygen that screens out harmful UV rays, reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chloroflorocarbons deplete the ozone layer.

A) has long appeared that it was immune from （逃离，脱离影响的意思）
B) has long appeared to have been immune from
C) has long appeared as being immune to
D) had long appeared immune to （免疫，不受感染、影响的意思）
E) had long appeared that it was immune to

Manhattan：
The verb tense in the underlined part of the sentence must be compared with what is taking place now. As the sentence states we have realized that emissions of industrial chloroflorocarbons deplete the ozone layer (present perfect), we need the past perfect had appeared to indicate a time period prior to the present. Additionally, "immune from" means free of exempt from (eg. immune from prosecution), whereas "immune to" means not susceptible (eg. immune to chicken pox). In this case, the ozone layer was considered not susceptible to human influence. Thus, "immune to" is idiomatically correct.

醒醒Shine

今天prep6，错了9题
RC4题：都不难，自己大意
CR3题
SC2题

SC 用法对句意的作用——一切以不产生歧义为原则===》产生歧义的可能方向：可修饰的对象有多个，单复数/时态/语态不一致，逻辑上的动作发出者不合理
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-066 VSC003211 hard
Unlike amateur clammers, who usually dig clams by hand during the summer, professional clammers work year-round, using all-weather instruments such as the hydraulic dredge or a 20-foot-Iona implement known as a bull rake.
A. work year-round, using all-weather instruments such as the dredge or a 20-foot-long implement known as a bull rake
B. work year-round by using all-weather instruments like hydraulic dredges or 20-foot-long implements known as a bull rake 单复数错
C. working year-round and using such all-weather instruments as a hydraulic dredge or a 20-foot-long implement known as a bull rake 无谓语
D. working year-round use all-weather instruments like hydraulic dredges or 20-foot-long implements known as a bull rake单复数错
E. work year-round using all-weather instruments, for example, a dredge or 20-foot-long implements known as bull rakes for example放在中间用双逗号隔开，让人产生误解到底是谁的例子？主句主语的例子，还是instruments？

CR解题顿悟: 寻找事物的关联点，那么考题的方向一定会围绕此关联点，而并不是天马行空不可捉摸。答案虽然不能预测，但是方向可以预测。
CR——隐匿的时间对比，而真正的解题在于问题的设置
For several years, per capita expenditure on prescription drugs in Voronia rose by fifteen percent or more annually. In order to curb these dramatic increases, the ministry of health prohibited drug manufacturers from raising any of their products' prices. Even though use of prescription drugs did not expand after this price freeze, per capita expenditure for prescription drugs continued to increase by a substantial percentage each year.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the ministry's action did not achieve its goal? 注意问的是政府的action not achieve（通过限价达到降低人均药品花销)
(A) After price increases were prohibited, drug manufacturers concentrated on producing new medications to replace existing products.
新药是不受现有政策影响的
(B) The population of Voronia rose steadily throughout the period.
(C) Improvements in manufacturing processes enabled drug manufacturers to maintain high profit levels on drugs despite the price freeze.
(D) In addition to imposing a price freeze, the government encouraged doctors to prescribe generic versions of common drugs instead of the more expensive brand-name versions. 会减少 这里并没有交代人们买药是价格驱动型
(E) After price increases were prohibited, some foreign manufacturers of expensive drugs ceased marketing them in Voronia.

曼哈顿的解释：
"per-capita expenditure" is the total price paid for drugs (price per pill * # of pills) divided by the number of people.
If the per capita expenditure is increasing, either the numerator has to be increasing or the denominator has to be decreasing or both.
So, either the price is increasing, the number of pills is increasing, or the number of people is decreasing (or some combination of the above).
premise: product prices can't be raised (note: by definition, this only addresses existing products; new products not yet introduced do not yet have assigned prices)
--> So I can't raise the price of existing products, but I could introduce more expensive products.
premise: the use of prescription drugs did not increase after the price freeze
--> So the number of pills isn't changing
A) new medications = new price introductions. If these prices are higher than the prices for the old products, then that's how I can increase the numerator of my "per capita expenditure" calculation

醒醒Shine

今天模考了GWD17，错了13个。发觉GWD在答案选项上都会比较绕，tricky比较多，不太像OG题目的思路。特别的GWD的阅读，简直是不好好说话的典范……非常挑战阅读理解能力，但是对实战借鉴意义大吗？之前考试经验我自认为14题左右的RC顶多3-4题会这么tricky，淡定地总结……牢记文中各关键词之间的关系。

SC ——抽象名词的从句结构表达一定更优，因为能完整表达句意。原文未出现的动作发出者，一定要非常小心脑补。
Both the Federal Reserve’s decision that borrowing rates be raised, along with investor’s speculation that another increase might be on the way, helped bolster the dollar in recent weeks by making deposits more attractive.

• that borrowing rates be raised, along with investor’s speculation that another increase might be on the way, helped bolster the dollar in recent weeks by making
• that borrowing rates be raised and investors’ speculation of possibly another increase on the way helped to bolster the dollar in recent weeks because they made
• to raise borrowing rates and investors’ speculation that another increase might be on the way helped to bolster the dollar in recent weeks by making（ correct）
• to raise borrowing rates, along with investors’ speculation that another increase might be on the way, helped bolster the dollar in recent weeks because it made
• to raise borrowing rates and investors’ speculation of possibly another increase on the way helped bolster the dollar in recent weeks because they made
  

SC——先判断逻辑，再判断句子成分

The computer company’s present troubles are a result of technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it.
A.      so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it.
B.      so that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to corret
C.      in that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct them
D.      that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct  
E.      that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct them

未划线部分句意：电脑公司如今的困境是XXX三个方面的科技停滞造成的结果，A句后面就是：以至于好几种revise它的尝试都失败了。
困境的结构====》导致尝试失败？   
正常理解应该是：尝试了好几次都失败了====》造成如今的troubles
所以AB的逻辑首先错误排除。
attempt to是固定搭配，选D了。

醒醒Shine

SC：同位语也分抽象名词+that和具体名词+that两种用法
The computer company has announced that it will purchase the color-printing division of a rival company for $950 million, which is part of a deal that will make it the largest manufacturer in the office color-printing market.
A) million, which is part of a deal that will make which就近指代有歧义，deal的内容应该是花950million去购买一整个部门这件事
B) million, a part of a deal that makes Ron解释：deal不是抽象名词，所以在做同位语的时候只能就近修饰dollar了。
C) million, part of a deal making 同上
D) million as a part of a deal to make make的动作发出者变成了company，而自己make自己的时候，后面不能用it而是itself
E) million as part of a deal that will make

关于同位语的讲解：https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/596/01/
RON关于同位语的讲解：http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/post35386.html#p35386
that's a "comma + abstract noun" setup. it probably has some sort of grammatical name, but i have absolutely no idea what that name is.
--
COMMA + ABSTRACT NOUN is allowed to stand for the ENTIRE IDEA OF THE PRECEDING CLAUSE.

examples:

the coach tried to put 5 receivers on the line, a strategy that failed.
--> here, "a strategy" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of putting 5 receivers on the line.

X observed large concentrations of metals in the sediments, findings consistent with...
in this case, "findings" (an abstract noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of observing large concentrations of blah blah blah.

etc.

on the other hand,
COMMA + CONCRETE NOUN usually stands for the DIRECTLY PRECEDING NOUN.

compare:
i went to the bar with john smith, a consultant in los angeles.
here, "a consultant" (a CONCRETE noun) refers ONLY to "john smith" (the preceding noun).

i went to the bar with john smith, an excursion that was much more fun than working all night.
here, "an excursion" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of going to the bar with john smith.

SC：rather than+v；instead of+n比较常见