Prep07 CR2 Essay1 里的主旨题请教

sarah3033

Essay #1.  009

The modern multinational corporation is described as having originated when the owner-managers of nineteenth-century British firms carrying on international trade were replaced by teams of salaried managers organized into hierarchies.

跨国公司被描述为起源于19世纪英国的等级管理制度

Increases in the volume of transactions in such firms are commonly believed to have necessitated this structural change.交易量大导致了这种变化

Nineteenth-century inventions like the steamship and the telegraph, by facilitating coordination of managerial activities, are described as key factors.（设备先进是Key factors） Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century chartered trading companies, despite the international scope（视野，范围） of their activities, are usually considered irrelevant to this discussion:  the volume of their transactions is assumed to have been too low and the communications and transport of their day too primitive to make comparisons with modern multinationals interesting.

而 16-17th的贸易公司由于成交量小，用的设备不够先进被排除这个讨论

In reality, however, early trading companies successfully purchased and outfitted（配备） ships, built and operated offices and warehouses, manufactured trade goods for use abroad, maintained trading posts and production facilities overseas, procured goods for import, and sold those goods both at home and in other countries.  The large volume of transactions associated with these activities seems to have necessitated hierarchical management structures well before the advent of modern communications and transportation. （事实上这些公司的各种行为足够让他们在现代化高级设备出现前就形成这样的等级制度了） For example, in the Hudson's Bay Company, each far-flung trading outpost was managed by a salaried agent, who carried out the trade with the Native Americans, managed day-to-day operations, and oversaw the post's workers and servants.  One chief agent, answerable to the Court of Directors in London through the correspondence committee, was appointed with control over all of the agents on the bay.

The early trading companies did differ strikingly from modern multinationals in many respects.  They depended heavily on the national governments of their home countries and thus characteristically acted abroad to promote national interests.  Their top managers were typically owners with a substantial minority share, whereas senior managers' holdings in modern multinationals are usually insignificant.  They operated in a preindustrial world, grafting（嫁接；移植） a system of capitalist international trade onto a premodern system of artisan（工匠） and peasant（农民） production.  Despite these differences, however, early trading companies organized effectively in remarkably modern ways and merit（值得） further study as analogues of more modern structures.（作者最后觉得，纵使不同，但除了这些不同点，还是可以作为现代贸易公司的类似物）

Question #1.  009-01

The author's main point is that

(A) modern multinationals originated in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with the establishment of chartered trading companies

(B) the success of early chartered trading companies, like that of modern multinationals, depended primarily on their ability to carry out complex operations

(C) early chartered trading companies should be more seriously considered by scholars studying the origins of modern multinationals

(D) scholars are quite mistaken concerning the origins of modern multinationals

(E) the management structures of early chartered trading companies are fundamentally the same as those of modern multinationals

直接把笔记也附带上了。我选的E，但正确答案是C，我不知道该如何看出来是Origin……

sarah3033

顶一下，等答案

sarah3033

........................没人呢么

yyb3well

第一段的大意：现代公司制度起源于19世纪英国专营公司。因为16,17世纪公司的交易规模小技术程度低，所以被认为与现代公司起源研究无关。
第二段大意：但事实上16、17世纪的公司交易规模已经很大，管理结构也很复杂，且技术程度低没有阻碍这种管理结构的运作。
第三段大意：不过现代公司和16,17世纪公司还是有很大差别的，它们是。。。。。。
C、E选项单从内容对错上讲都没问题。
但是C选项显然更对得起文章第一段那一大堆论述和分析。文章上来第一句就跟你讲在讨论起源问题了。
E选项不够全面。主旨题就是这样的，选择那个把文章所有主要信息都概括起来的那个。

yyb3well

“too primitive to make comparisons with modern multinationals interesting”
好好感觉一下这句话

sarah3033

明白了 谢谢！！！所以说，找对主旨句很重要！！