【愈发】【11.8已结帖】拾越拾忆日起愈发狗狗整理（共145只09：00-11.3）

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A centerpiece of the show will be a life-size model of a 60-foot female Mamenchisaurus, whose fossilized bones were discovered in China. An early and not especially large sauropod, it lived 160 million years ago, laid eggs and possibly lived in a herd. It weighed 13 tons and ate 1,150 pounds of vegetation a day. The model focuses attention on the animal’s 30-foot neck and small skull and jaws to illustrate the remarkable biology and behavior of sauropods.

Then the investigators found no evidence that availability of food and the physical and chemical conditions in the Mesozoic era were sufficiently different to have accounted for sauropod gigantism. If anything, the environment then was probably less favorable for plant and animal life than it is today. So the researchers directed their efforts to a detailed examination of the biological makeup of these giants.

In a recent interview televised from his office in Bonn, Dr. Sander pointed to an illustration of the dinosaur’s anatomy. “What makes a sauropod a sauropod is its most conspicuous feature, its enormously long neck,” he said.

One was the absence of mastication, and the other its egg-laying reproduction. By not chewing their food, the animals had no need for a full set of large teeth or strong jaws and associated muscles. They had only incisors up front for cropping and cutting vegetation. As a result, their heads remained small and lightweight. A plant-chewing African elephant, for example, has a 1,000-pound head; a Mamenchisaurus head weighed 45 pounds.

Dr. Clauss of Zurich and Jürgen Hummel of the University of Bonn conducted fermentation experiments mixing micro-organisms with contents of sheep stomachs and various plants, including horsetail plants, cycads, pine needles and ginkgo leaves known to have been growing when sauropods foraged. From this and other evidence, they estimate that the giants probably took two weeks to digest an all-day dinner.

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