[数学讨论稿1-100 ]酒瑜鼠鞋讨论稿一（更新到100）-9/25 +列出了比较绕的题的题号。

Queen_Z0820

感谢各位狗主和志愿者！真心谢谢你们！

ichigomiaow

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1. 有童鞋遇到了GWD的原题2题，各位CDer 准备的时候多注意，特别GWD错题多做几遍，总之不亏，具体题目他要去找找，有更新会立马发上来


2. 然后sc倒也还好，没有到读不懂的地步，也没有大长句  
By dzw125


9月13日 更新2只
3. 语法的话我觉得大家都说实战是考语义的 可是我考的题目好多都是平行。。。各种平行 或者平行套平行~~ 当然平行的过程中也是要看语义的 就是看谁应该是和谁平行的~~y
By念儿酱


4. 语法考平行结构，主谓一致 ，and but 这类的平行
By自在路上

以下为Rinka自己整理的的Prep 关于平行的知识点以及例题，如有疏漏，还请海涵指正，谢！

平行PARALLELISM

在GMAT 考试中，有一类典型的句子结构错误是从句内容在语法上与主句并列，所以在看到句中的连词and 或or 时，要注意逻辑上的并列对象与语法上的并列对象是否一致。
(注意这里的题号格式，下同方便大家回归语法笔记查找)
Prep.07.test.1.164.automobile manufacturer has announced plans to increase the average fuel efficiency of its sport utility vehicles by 25 percent over the next five years, amounting to roughly five miles per gallon, and representing the first significant change in the fuel efficiency of any class of passenger vehicle in almost two decades.
(A) 现在分词结构在本句中修饰对象不清楚，and前面不应该有逗号，加了逗号使得and representing没有语法上的平行对象。

In laboratory rats, a low dose of aspirin usually suffices to block production of thromboxane, a substance that promotes blood clotting, but does not seriously interfere with the production of prostacyclin, which prevents clotting.
but does跳过同位语和suffices并列共同作为a low dose of aspirin的谓语动词
07.2.45.they denounce big government--they say that government is doing too much and has become too powerful--but supporting at the same time
but连接对象不平行，they denounce but supporting

07.2.158.Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease
本题的秒杀方法：只有A选项but前后才是平行对称的，S.V.O+介词短语做时间状语，but S.V.O.+介词短语做时间状语。如此平行的结构，应该在第一时间对A建立好感。其次再用平行结构确认选项的排除。


agree that…but that…，宾语从句的平行that不能省，使句子更加清晰。

97.Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.
(D) but introducing不能和have improved构成并列

but连词，如果连接句子，若连词连接的句子不一定主语相同，省略时可能不符合逻辑。补主语
07.2.42.During the same period in which the Maya were developing a hieroglyphic system of writing, the Aztec people also developed a written language, but it was not as highly sophisticated as that of the Maya and was more pictographic in nature.
(A)but it was not as highly sophisticated as that of the Maya and was
(D) not as highly sophisticated as that of the Maya, however, being
(E) not as highly sophisticated as the Maya's however, it was

(A) 正确，it与that都指代written language。
(D) 句尾的分词结构being…有作定语修饰Maya的歧义，如果being…与not as… as…并列修饰language，那么这两个修饰语之间需要连词，而however是副词，无法连接句子（however作连词时，意思是“尽管”，表示让步而非转折）。
(E) 逗号应该在however的前面，as… as…在两个句子中间，在语法上修饰对象有歧义。

Although energy prices have tripled in the United States over the last two years, research indicates few people to have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do, nor are they making fuel efficiency a priority when shopping for cars.
        that few people have significantly reduced the amount of driving they do or made
correct；made前省略了have，have reduced和have made平行，也即两个平行的过去分词可以共享同一个助动词have。

两个句子并列,第一个句子含有be动词或者become,第二个句子中的be动词或者become必须省略

First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the Philippines and resembling a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.
(C) 正确, animal found…and resembling两个分词修饰animal构成平行结构
正确选项C中两个分词之所以一个用-ed形式,一个用-ing形式是因为found表示了被动态:animal is
found in the Philippines, 而resembling表示的主动语态:such animal resembles a hummingbird.（与
OG10-210题用法相同，可参考OG解释）
注意以下两个句子的区别:
1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary Hispanic authors.
2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of
contemporary Hispanic authors.
第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句子中的it不能省略.
有and出现的时候,一定要警惕是不是会有平行结构的考点.读选项时,重点读and连接的对象,跳过修饰语等成分,如果and连接对象不平行,则可以直接排除该选项,节省时间


sth is sth是一种平行结构,其中sth和sth一定要能够对应,平行Aim, goal, intention, objective, function, way, method, purpose + be + to do
the first…to do something：“数词+不定式”，惯用法
当然最常用的还是method of doing/for doing,优于 the method to：
"a method of protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect" 这是OG10-39解释中的一句话. 但是method的内容则可以用不定式表示：the method/way is to do…
07.2.85.one goal of semiconductor research is to develop a silicon chip
07.1.196. There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.
D.  to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them
A.  the method与the forming不对等主系表要N1=N2
D. Correct；本题主考平行；several ways可以与there be搭配；A method is to do X and to do Y常见搭配；and后面加上逗号的表达并不常见，从本题可见GMAT接受这样的用法(prep1-247也出现类似用法)

07.1.68.The best way to extract the flavor from saffron threads is to soak them in liquid after pounding them with a mortar and pestle.       The best way to… is to…
sth is sth的平行,对应在实战中不容易看得出来,平时训练的时候看到be动词,也要警惕,是否会考到平行,对应.举OG10th 84题为例
OG84. One legacy of Madison Avenue's recent campaign to appeal to people fifty years old and over is the realization that as a person ages. their concerns change as well.
(A) the realization that as a person ages, their
(B) the realization that as people age, their
(C) to realize that when a person ages, his or her
(D) to realize that when people age, their
(E) realizing that as people age, their
其中C,D,E 选项均不满足sth is sth 的平行对应. one legacy 是名词,因此和它对应的也应该是名词,而C,D,E 分别是to do 结构和动名词结构,不能和名词结构平行,因此排除C,D,E 选项,然后根据指代一致,排除A,正确答案为B
sth is sth
07.1.195.Like the grassy fields and old pastures that the upland sandpiper needs for feeding and nesting when it returns in May after wintering in the Argentine Pampas, the sandpipers vanishing in the northeastern United States is a result of residential and industrial development and of changes in farming practices.
(A) the sandpipers vanishing的中心词是sandipipers不是一个result，vanishing只是修饰语，且sandipipers与后面的is主谓不一致 主系表要N1=N2

in addition to A, B …，A和B不一定是同一类事物 129.

The largest trade-book publisher in the United States has announced the creation of a new digital imprint division, under which it will publish about 20 purely digital works to be sold online as either electronic books or downloadable copies that can be printed upon purchase.
(E) works, and it will sell them online either as electronic books or
(E) “, and it will”这里的逗号与and要连接两个完整的句子并列，即与主句publisher has announced…并列，无法与定语从句中的will publish并列，除非去掉逗号。时态不并列

07.1.50. With no natural predators and expanses of green suburban neighborhoods that allow no hunting, wildlife officials estimate the New Jersey deer population to have grown to exceed 175,000.
(D) Without natural predators and no hunting allowed in expanses of green suburban
neighborhoods, New Jersey has a deer population that wildlife officials estimate to have
(A) officials是句子主语，使句首的with结构修饰对象错误；with no A and B, B…的表达有歧义，无法确定是否no也修饰B。
(D) New Jersey是句子主语，使句首的with结构修饰对象错误；without A and no B..的表达有歧义，without与no重复，且修饰对象不清楚。

07.1.213.Shoppers in sporting goods stores, unlike in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, not buying a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but they leave with a basketball only
those in department stores, do very little impulse shopping, do not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang when they come in for a basketball, but leave with only a basketball
do very little impules shopping和do not buy a pair of skis一个是概括，一个是细化，功能不同无法平行，而且but不能连接三个并列成分，只能连接两个，所以即便不考虑逻辑上的层次，do not buy之前也要加上and
those in department stores, do very little impulse shopping; someone who comes in for a basketball will leave with a basketball only and not buy a pair of skis and a boomerang as well
Correct；两个不同层次却有联系的句子用semicolon连接是最合适的。And…as well在此并不重复， as well修饰的是and后面的谓语动词buy（类似见prep 2-166补充说明中对but instead的说明）；Only做adj.修饰basketball


As well as表示同样、也等意思，应为解释为：in addition to something or someone else。它与and是有区别的，不能简单的认为 as well as等于and：
a) 意思上：A and B结构中，A与B平行，属于同一层次；而A, as well as B这一结构中，B是对A的补充，并非同一层次
b) 谓语动词：以A and B作主语的句子，主语包含了含义平行的同一层次的A和B两者，所以谓语为复数；而以A, as well as B做主语的句子，主语的核心只有A，B是顺带提一下的补充句意性质的成分，因此谓语的人称和数由A的人称和数决定
c) 多个名词平行，同时使用到and和as well as的结构，我们可以使用：A, B, and C, as well as D。其中，ABC是同一个层次的事物，它们之间是同一层次的平行关系，D是对ABC的一个补充，严格上来说和ABC不属于同一个层次。同理，(both) A and B, as well as C 也是正确的，AB属于同层次的事物，C是对AB的一个补充。
d) 如果出现 be vulnerable to A, B, as well as C 这种句型，我们认为是错误的。因为as well as和and是有区别的，as well as不能代替and。上述句型，如果ABC属于同一层次，则应改为A, B, and C. 如果AB同层次，C是补充说明类的事物，则应该改为A and B, as well as C

基本句型：A did one thing, as well as doing another thing. 这种句型属于as well as 的一种使用方法，朗文给出的例句为：The organization gives help and support to people in need,as well as raising money for local charities.
基本句型：A as well as B  204.The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his “Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. correct

07.2.153.For centuries, people on sea voyages washed their clothes by placing the dirty laundry in a strong cloth bag, then toss it overboard, and let the ship drag the bag for hours.
A. then多余，不应该在第二个并列成分中出现。

多个带to的结构平行时，可以考虑两种用法：要么全部都带to，要么只有第一个有to、后面的都不带。比如本题中，可以是be vulnerable to A, B and C，也可以是be vulnerable to A, to B, and to C. 其他方式的不正确。be vulnerable to A, as well as to B 要求句子结构平行，为保持平行，不省略介词

to design and build 和 to design and to build 都是正确的平行结构
A pair of architects in Britain, who say that giant arches, bridges, and walls made of artificial bone could be easier to design and build than conventional structures 正确

名词性的名词结构，和动词性的名词结构（动名词等）是有区别的。在判断某一平行结构是否正确时，这两种结构虽然从语法层次都属于名词结构，但是在含义层次一个表名词，另一个表动作，是不同的概念，不可以平行。比如此题中，discovery可以和documentation平行，都是名词；discovering和documenting都是动名词，词性是名词，但是表动作含义，也可以平行；但是discovery和documenting之间不能平行，因为含义和性质不相同。

07.1.182.The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign—using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings—that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.
A.  and also在列举的时候多余，不过在also有时候是作为强调而且不用在列举中不一定多余（and also还有一种情况下是redundant的：both X and also Y）

如果你一眼看出这个句子考not only，but also于是开始找答案，恭喜你，又上当了。做题的时候要弄清楚句子的意思是递进还是转折,如果是递进not only...but also 没问题,如果是转折的话,就要考虑一下是否是GMAC的陷阱了, but/but also才是表示转折的意思.

not only…but also
重新摘录一下前面提到过的用法：
        首先Not only…..but (also)表示的关系是递进,  其中also可以省略……….But/but also表示的是转折.
        not only ...but also表示并列，不能表示转折，不要有先入为主的感觉认为not only...but also必须一起出现。单独出现but also是可能的。
在正常语序中: not only … but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。
在正常语序中: 短语本身不可以加入其它成份，比如变成：not only...but it also...是错误的（因为破坏了平衡）。
not only … but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。
not only … but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。


Zeldaw的帖子摘录如下：
关于not only...but also...----从GWD8-20总结出的
        看了GWD8-20, 以前的NN讨论的的太好了,可是藏的太深,很多人都看不见, 后来又看了好些的帖子,,收益良多.所以我把大家观点总结一下,
        首先Not only…..but (also)表示的关系是递进,  其中also可以省略
        But/but also表示的是转折.  在but also中, ring_cheng认为also不属于重复, 所以应当保留.该观点尚未证实.
        not only ...but also表示并列，不能表示转折，不要有先入为主的感觉认为not only...but also必须一起出现。单独出现but also是可能的，此时表示的是转折，参见大全74
All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging the nation’s recreational areas.
deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging
deaths and injuring thousands, and serious damage to
deaths, thousands who are injured, as well as seriously damaging
deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to  （D）
deaths, thousands are injured, and they do serious damage to
 关于not  only…but also.. 的用法,我根据前人的发言并结合GMAT的思路挑出了这几条:
1.在正常语序中: not only … but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如：                    
        Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （连接两个主语）
        I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. （连接两个谓语动词）                
        He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （连接两个宾语）
在正常语序中: 短语本身不可以加入其它成份，比如变成：not only...but it also...是错误的（因为破坏了平衡）。
如大全中：
07.1.125.The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants.
and also damage or destroy
as well as damaging or destroying
but they also cause damage or destroy
but also damage or destroy（D）
but also causing damage or destroying
Choice D, the best answer, correctly employs the correlative construction not only x but also y, where x and y are grammatically parallel and where both x and y (damage and destroy) apply to young plants. Choices A, (not only... and also), B (not only... as well as), and C (not only... but they also) violate the not only... but also paradigm. Moreover, B contains terms (blow... damaging) that are not parallel. In C and E, damage is used not as a verb with young plants as its direct object but as a noun receiving the action of cause; consequently, these choices fail to state explicitly that the damage is done to young plants. E also violates parallelism (not only blow... but also causing)
2. not only … but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如：
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
3. not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。例如：                    
        误： They don't fear not only hardship but also death.
        正： They fear neither hardship nor death.
        正： They don't fear either hardship or death.
        4. not only … but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：
        Not only does the sun give us light, but also it gives us heat.
        Not only did he speak English correctly, but he also speaks it fluently.
《新编英语语法》薄冰P633：Not only does he compose music, but he also plays./ Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.
《新编英语语法》章振邦1005：She was not only compelled to stay at home, but she was also forbidden to see her friends
英语语法大全上的例句是:   Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts.   所以我个人认为在倒装的情况下,but also是可以被主语拆开的.
这里附上ring_cheng的观点:倒装时可以在短语中插入某类成分，如：not only did sb do sth, but sb also did sth （之所以前后都加入主语，不是为了连接主语，而是为了句子的对仗工整而补足主语，连接的其实是主语的两个不同的谓语动作。又因为not only在句首已经倒装过了，所以but also用正常语序即可。依然满足句子平衡的要求）.如大全354中but also被主语+助动词拆开:
354.In 1978 a national study found that not only had many contractors licensed by a self-policing private guild failed to pass qualifying exams, they in addition falsified their references.
they in addition falsified their references
they had their references falsified in addition
but they had also falsified their references
they had also falsified their references（C）
but their references were falsified as well
not only…but also…的变体总结 -- aeoluseros
1. not only … but also …并不总是这么对称、完整地出现地，以下几种变体也为GMAT所接受：
(1) not only … but …
(2) not only … also…
(3) not only … , … as well (GMAT认可度待定)
Evidence:
OG11-52. The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants.
(A) and also damage or destroy
(B) as well as damaging or destroying
(C) but they also cause damage or destroy
(D) but also damage or destroy
(E) but also causing damage or destroying
        key: D 其中OG对A选项的解释为：And also is not the correct idiom; not only is followed by but also or also.  证实GMAT官方认可not only…also…的用法。
        prep 1-147 By pressing a tiny amount of nitrogen between two diamonds to a pressure of 25 million pounds per square inch, scientists were able not only to transform the gas into a solid but to create a semiconductor similar to silicon.  正式GMAT官方认可not only…but…的用法。
**对各大字典的搜索：
(1) LONGMAN，not：
not only ... (but) also ... --> 可惜没有针对性例句.
* Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.
not only do/will/can etc
*Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
not only … as well …
(2) 牛津字典，not：
not only...(but) also (used to emphasize the addition of sb/sth 用以强调递进关系的某人[某事物]):
* Not only the grandparents were there but also the aunts, uncles and cousins.
* He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them.
(3) AHD，not：
当第二部分只是强调第一部分时，在not only 结构里 also 通常省略。
He not only wanted the diamond but wanted it desperately.
(4) Cambridge，not only：
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/only_4#only_4__3
not only ... (but) also used to say that two related things are true or happened, especially when this is surprising or shockingNot only did he turn up late, he also forgot his books.
If this project fails it will affect not only our department, but also the whole organization.
(5) 另外在LONGMAN里查only，有这么一条：not only ... but (also) at not.
2. 注意除了not verb...but verb...之外，are...but are...也是一种平行，即not在平行之外.
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are
(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but
(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are
(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are
key：D   … many biological traits are not the products…, but are simply random…

注意除了not verb...but verb...之外，are...but are...也是一种平行，即not在平行之外.
Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould has argued that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.
(A) due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but that they are
(B) due to the reproduction or survival they enhance, but they are
(C) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but
(D) because they enhance reproduction or survival, but are
(E) because of enhancing reproduction or survival, but are
key：D   … many biological traits are not the products…, but are simply random…


句子完整结构 (结合前面提到的run-on)
S+V1+O1 and V2+O2.是很常见的结构. and之后的主语是S, 可是被省了.
S+V1+O1, and pronoun(指代S)+V2+O2. 也是很常见的结构.
        一般在and之后用pronoun指代S作主语是因为and跟S的距离太远.
S+V1+O1 and pronoun(指代S)+V2+O2. 被OG10列为run-on sentence，但如果这两个主谓宾的并列是同在一个分句里（而这个分句又与句子的其他成分并列），则这样的结构也是允许的。
对于S+V1+O1, and V2+O2.结构，and前并不经常补出逗号，通常and前补出逗号是因为前面是插入语一定需要逗号，或者是为了让句子结构更为清晰，比如前面是定语从句，防止第二个谓语动词V2与定语从句中的动词并列；又比如本题的C选项加了逗号，the yellow jacket’s stinger is comparatively smooth, and can therefore be pulled out and used：used和pulled自己独自成为平行，两者组成的小团体又和前面的is平行，如果都连着写，那么会给读者一个is和used平行的印象（虽然我们并不一定会那么读，但是加了逗号更为清晰了）。
**: 要提醒的一点是，GMAT中逗号不会作为判断一个选项正确与否的唯一考点。




Run-on sentence.
aeoluseros关于run-on sentence知识点的补充说明：
找过很多解释，包括一些语法书(也包括老外的)、百度，始终觉得措辞上不合适，不过在一本手册上终于看到了满意的解释：
run-on sentence 连写句：
连写句指错误地将两个独立分句合写在一个句子里面没有正确地用标点分离。
连写句有两种类型：
溶合句(fused sentence)：根本不使用标点把两个独立分句合写在一个句子里
逗号错误(comma splice):使用逗号但没有并列连词将两个独立分句写在一个句子里。
BTW: 所谓的独立分句即"主句"，其对应的是"从句"，都属于"分句"。
而run-on sentence的重点在于其改正方法：
分为两个句子
用一个逗号加上and, but, or或者其他并列连词                  
两个句子中间使用分号









9月16日 更新1只
5. 语法也想不起来了= =而且也不大确定，语法不好啊= =
记起来一个~有一个里面有more的句子，反正我的技巧就是有more后面一定要有than，然后选项只有一个符合要求，我就选的那个~不知道对不对。。。
还有一个后半句话是so什么，大概意思就是像前半句的那个东西一样--能理解吗。。。比如说as xxx 做了什么，so yyy也做了什么。。。选项里一个是as，一个是just as，这俩剩下的部分一模一样，我觉得是在这两个里选一个，但是也不确定= =
By mollysun


9月18日 更新2只
6. 只记得一道题了，因为是最后一道，所以印象很深，也是超简单的一道。The brain, X and Y of 一个动物，which.....(解释解释了这个动物) exhibits。。。。。
选项里有三个都是exhibits，所以直接排除，剩下的两个有一个居然是in order for doing。。。然后直接就选另一个
By assisizhao  


7. SC 有一个题考到了in part of 和 partially的用法吧。
By mrnarcissus


9月20日 更新5只
8. 语法很简单。很多主谓一致 平行之类的。
temperature 和 pressure是搭配at 还是with的还有很多代词的一致 比如说its their交替出现
By 拧发条喵


9. 语法最后一题影响比较深刻，讲的是什么自然灾害不会袭击california但是会袭击其他人口密集地区。三个靠平行很好排除，剩下两个，一个not so much in...as in...我混乱了= =反正不选这个，选的是有well的那个……虽然not so much in..as in 我们比较熟悉，也平行，但是前面有一个副词和未划线部分冗余了大家注意这点就好，我看了半天才发现
By 拧发条喵

10.语法的考点回想起来都挺经典，无非是OG常考的那些，但紧张起来语义不太容易一下子读清楚。。。考了很多平行，比如经典的unlike，or；别的知识点还有not only but also(干扰项：but as well as, but in addition，甚至没有but）；“Doing something..., the researchers...”，3/2split，其实就是考察判断doing something的逻辑主语嘛；也有考到经典的this, which, it都不能指代前一个clause的，一下子排除掉；还有简单的主谓数量一致，如the issue of ~ and ~ HAS done或直接用过去式（忘了最终是选啥了）。有个tendency的固定搭配，我也没把握。。。最后选了 ...the tendency for the biological structures to take on new functions.（刚刚查字典，还真有类似的tendency for sth to do sth的例句）。还有一些分散的小点如破折号，可能不是考点，但如果复习时cover到了还是心安些。
总之，认真看OG解释！！所有考点，其实OG都说到了。
By leeng


11.考点就集中在平行，各种平行，还有单复数的问题。
By wopnisa


12.考了好多平行, as...as的用法
By iaoinging


9月24日 更新3只
13.which和伴随夹着平行，选项看着LZ都觉得自己掉库了有木有！
平行结构注意：有几组平行就有几个and，还有就是一种X,X,which...，and X这种，务必看句子什么和什么平行，从句修饰什么
By Heidi_smile


14. 果然是各种平行。大平行小平行一定要分出层次，在理解句意的基础上进行平行判定，搞清楚哪些动作是同一个层次，作者主要想说哪一层意思，哪一层意思应该是伴随。以防掉入“假平行”陷阱，把正确选项排除了。
1. 考到了have后面的平行可以省略have
2. 考到了and前面有无逗号的区别
3. 考了很多逗号后面whose/ of which/ 之类的从句

提醒大家别忘了带回验证，有些选项看着挺好但是带回去马上就能发现接不上。
By dingpai1992



15. 有一道考plenty of, a number of, abundant等的用法 我选了plenty of但我不会这道题,下划线后面的单词是trees and other resources之类的 当然不会这么简单的几个字= =
      还有一道考了平行里的平行结构大家考试的时候一定要细心
By lagure

9月28日 更新4只
16.语 法：我考试的时候碰到了 the a of b and of b结构单复数忘记到底是哪个了。最后好像还是选了复数？其它感觉非常简单。最后一道语法题居然是考either or的平行（只有一个平行的选项） 还有碰到one of的单复数问题，not only but also的平行问题（prep 12不承认08中认为可能正确not only but as well）总体也没有什么特别的问题
By destroyera (V770)


17.我遇到的语法都很短,就记得一个了 all but one kind  后面接的谓语动词应当用复数，因为这时候主语是all（记得不太清楚了）
By ytxppp


18.语法很多题，划线都不是特别长，但感觉考点真的很tricky 啊。努力记得几个。(1) 考到了两道so as to 题，so和as 之间没有形容词而且四个选项都有so as to(2) In order to,to ,for 做逻辑主语(3) Debts has raged…about whether…is…or whether…is…,还有一个选项是没有     about,这两个纠结(4) 考到了two groups …one …the other…,选项中有another.(5) 还有比较…is half or less…划线，选项里有些有than,有些没than 这题不太确定确实是理解句子意思比光看语法点重要得多啊，有些两个选项语法角度上都么偶问题，但是语义排列完全不同==
By给我一只小魔杖


19.语法考到了not only but also 并列，just。。。so 还有很多选项排除剩了两个我就开始犹豫了...很纠结总之
By anhong




9月29日 更新2只
20. “……（前面不重要，作用是帮助判断单复，所以省略，不会对后面产生影响）nuts are not harvested until become mature, ________collected and gathered by farmers.”一个选项是at which point they are，一个选项是and then，狗主也不太确定选哪个，感觉都有问题。但答案一定从这两者里面出，放狗顺便求解答~
（Rinka觉得选at which point they are；解释harvested  另一个选项and then 要去掉and 并列要加are）
对了还有一道什么讲美国或者日本的一个宪法或者政府态度影响了什么（可能和其他题记混了），________balabala。这样的题，选项了it acts， it's action，acting之类的，忘了选什么了…
By 小海豹麻麻
[V2] 语法我遇到的主要是平行和主谓一致，仔细看都不难的~  有一题之前jj提到的 xxx-it acts 选这个应该没问题，因为其他很明显错，大家到时可以再仔细看看啦~
By carolxxchen

at which point的用法 By elsachialeeat which point用于引导定语从句，其意为“就在这时”“就在那时”等，在许多情况下相当于 and at that (this) moment。如：He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home. 他发脾气了，这时我就决定回家了。The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard. 讲演者停下来查阅他的笔记，就在这时，听到了砰的一声巨响。The film started to get very violent, at which point I left. 那部电影看着看着出现了极残暴的场面，我立刻就走了。【注意】千万不能在 at which point 前加并列连词。如：讲演者停下来查阅他的笔记，就在这时，听到了砰的一声巨响。误：The speaker paused to examine his notes, and at which point a loud crash was heard.正：The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard.正：The speaker paused to examine his notes, and at that moment a loud crash was heard.


21.没有出现常见的语法点（such as/like, as/like/unlike/just as, wether/if, both...and..., not...but...,compare的题目如 more than和as as) 有一题有点晕菜，大意是说某个journal有把不同信息整合到一起的能力，使用integrate into 还是synthesize into还是什么
By TIRFM







10月1日 更新7只

22. Unlike XX, a cherks ...(同位句)， Jupiter(木星）sorrounding dust .... gradually slows, so that they... fall to atmosphereABC选项是Jupiter sorrounding dustCD选项是dust sorrounding Jupiter
By flyemirate


23.没考到很多平行，考语义的比较多，很多都是主谓要一致的考法，句子不是特别长，但是感觉划线部分越短的越难选
By wangcai6


24.SC:<1>考了just as ......so......的用法<2>逻辑主语考了两道，一定要看清楚动作的发出者是谁，有一道开头是seeking......., the scientists......
By 兔子小兔子


25.注意主谓一致，which，固定搭配。
考了一个 tendency,__________...选项有 in which  xxxxxx, for which  xxxxx, of  which xxxx,这里面还考了take 和take on的区别，不知道这道怎么选==
By tiffany1224


26. 语法<1>语法题记得一个，some 虫子做xxxx, while others do the opposite of that , flattening xxxxx. .....有选项是什么 do the opposite by flattening 。。。。还有with flattening xxxx， 主要考opposite指代和flattening 动作这块，<2>Scientist believe that xxx  heat  can  patially explain the continential crust, which....记得两个选项，be part of the reason that , be part of the explanation for ,
By 我是小小绿







27. SC的大福利，有 PREP08的原题。。。（国庆送福利！！）

这题非常肯定。因为哥之前专门看了一眼。

Were it not for the fusion-powered heat and radiation that rush from its core, instead its own weight would cause a star to collapse
A.instead its own weight would cause a star to collapse
B.instead a star would have collapsed under its own weight
C. a starwould have to be collapsing under its own weight
D. a starwould collapse under its own weight
E. itsown weight would have caused a star’s collapse

原题和答案都一摸一样。不同的是画线部分不同了。
画线划到 that 开始，在正确答案中到 collapse结束
By 更名林一鑫
原题为239. (GWD-12-Q3)
Were it not for the fusion-powered heat and radiation that rush from its core, instead its own weight would cause a star to collapse.
instead its own weight would cause a star to collapse
instead a star would have collapsed under its own weight
a star would have to be collapsing under its own weight
a star would collapse under its own weight        (D)
its own weight would have caused a star’s collapse

题目释义：Were it not for heat and radiation, a star would collapse under its own weigth.
考点：
句子结构（grammatical construction）
虚拟语气：
虚拟条件句的四种形式：
But for N, S + should/would/cold/might + V / (have Vpp.) 若不是N, S应该….
= If it were not / (had not been) for N
= Were it not for N / (Had it not been for N)
= Without N（介词只有without可表虚拟语气）
虚拟语气的时态：
        时间                     从句谓语形式                   主句谓语形式
       
        将来                动词过去式(be用were)
        should + 动词原形
        were to + 动词原形         
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
        现在                动词过去式(be 用 were)        would / should / might / could + 动词原形
        过去                had +动词过去分词        would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
（From Manhattan）if a possessive pronoun PRECEDES a possessive noun, then the assumption is that it DOESN'T stand for that noun.
simple example:  his mother talked with joe's father.
in this sentence, the implication is that someone else's mother - i.e., NOT joe's mother - talked to joe's father. if it were joe's mother, then the sentence would be written, much more naturally, as joe's mother talked with his father.
选项分析：
前面it指代后面主句的主语，成了指代its own weight，错误；这样的虚拟语气句子，主句必须一开头就是主语，而不能是连词、副词，因此instead错误；its指代不清
Instead错误同A；本句子描述的是当下的一个假设情形下的一个假设结果，要用现在时态，用would have collapsed表示了“与过去相反(也就是表示过去没崩溃)”不对。
Would have to be collapsing是很混乱的时态；would have to是不很肯定的语气，其表达的是have to do的内容只是一个假设，并不是真的“必须”，而have to表达的意思是，要做的事情非常重要，“必须”去做
Correct
it指代了its own weight，错误；its指代不清；would have caused错误同B。


28. 我最后的时候语法全是小短线，或者either or，还有那些一眼就能选出来的平行，以为掉库了。。。但结果还算乐观，所以大家做题时一定要心态平和，别想太多，尽力就好。
By chenyao16887 （V38）


10月2日 更新2只
29.语法确实考了很多平行，但是好多都不太能看出来，前两道题就用了8分钟(1)记得有道题的原题目划线部分是：—however..(2)考了not only……but （also）……其他的认真一点，貌似可以快速排除2-3个，但是有的题考点确实不太明显TAT
By 猪豆豆


30．记得两条SC，（1）一条是speeds at/of (300+) times ... that/those of... 不知道speed后面是用at 多少times 还是用of,求解释。（2）还有一条是probability of/that,也不知道是哪个更好，我选了probability that。 同样求解释
By BarbaraLu



PREP 07中有一道关于speed搭配的题目，大家可以注意下：
25. (25865-!-item-!-188;#058&002136)

Often incorrectly referred to as a tidal wave, a tsunami, a seismic sea wave that can reach up to
150 miles per hour in speed and 200 feet high, is caused by underwater earthquakes or
volcanic eruptions.

(A) up to 150 miles per hour in speed and 200 feet high, is
(B) up to 150 miles per hour in speed and heights of up to 200 feet, is
(C) speeds of up to 150 miles per hour and 200 feet high, are
(D) speeds of up to 150 miles per hour and heights of up to 200 feet, is
(E) speeds of up to 150 miles per hour and as high as 200 feet, are  

考点:        习惯用语（Idiom）        平行对称（Parallelism）…主谓一致（Agreement）        逻辑表达（Logical
Predication）
1)        习惯用法:表达速度是多少时习惯用speeds of…

(A)        不符合习惯用语,且up to 150 miles和200 feet high不平行
(B)        不符合习惯用语,且up to 150 miles和heights of up to不平行
(C) speeds of up to和200 feet high不平行;主谓不一致:        谓语动词are应该改为单数.
(D)        正确,        符合习惯用法并且speeds of up to和heights of up to平行;主谓一致
(E) speeds of up to和as high as不平行;        主谓不一致

句子结构: Often in correctly referred…, a tsunami, …, is caused by…

PREP 08中有一道关于Possibility的固定搭配的题目：
188. (GWD-7-Q33)
The health benefits of tea have been the subject of much research; in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting some forms of cancer, the brewed leaves of Camellia sinensis may also play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
in addition to its possibilities for preventing and inhibiting
in addition to its possibilities to prevent or inhibit
besides the possibility that it prevents and inhibits
besides the possible preventing and inhibiting of         (E)
besides possibly preventing or inhibiting

题目释义：besides possibly preventing or inhibiting …, the leaves ..may also play a role in …
考点：
逻辑表达，指代一致,固定搭配
        preventing和inhibiting之间是用or还是and：
prevent: to stop something from happening, or stop someone from doing something
inhibit: to prevent something from growing or developing well
可以发现prevent和inhibit的关系就如destroy与damage的关系程度不同。即prevent是阻止，使不发生，而inhibit是抑制，即减少。所以不可能既完全阻止又减少，更不可能先完全阻止后减少，所以prevent and inhibit在逻辑意思上绝对错，只能用prevent or inhibit。由此，排除ACD，再用its排除B即可。
        Possibility的固定搭配:
        possibility (that)
        There's always a possibility that he might go back to Seattle.
        possibility for/of (doing) something
             exciting possibilities for reducing costs
　           Archer began to explore the possibilities of opening a club in the city.
        错误搭配：possibility to do sth.
possibility that…/likelihood that…/expect that…中,that从句后用一般将来时
       
选项分析:
it指代错误，不能指代复数名词brewed leaves，有疑似指代subject的嫌疑；
possibility和to do的搭配错；it指代错误，不能指代复数名词brewed leaves，有疑似指代subject的嫌疑；
同位语从句possibility that不如possibility of doing简洁；prevents and inhibits 不符合逻辑，应改为or；it指代错误，不能指代复数名词brewed leaves，有疑似指代subject的嫌疑；
用possible preventing不如possibly preventing；和主句的in doing不能保持平行
Correct；preventing or inhibiting和主句的reducing保持平行（形合），从这一点上可以马上排除其他选项，而不用去考虑preventing和inhibiting之间是用or还是and


10月5日 更新5只

31.就记得有蛮多并列的。。。有一道题说的是巨石头像~和另外一个地方发现的巨石头像进行了比较。。。然后考并列成分可以选出。。T^T记不清了
By ojinpeio


32. 今天刚考了试710（Q50，V34），有道题划线部分特短，答案也短。大概是：XXX 名词（一个名词，应该是宾语）,划线部分 XXX选项有：a. it isb. a我就选了那个“a”,我觉得 a 以后就是修饰那个名词的。
By bruce0419


33. 我来很神奇的语法了1）________啥materials and other resources isa  a lot ofb  an abundance ofc  a number ofd  abundante  plenty of记得特别清楚，划线前还有半句，屁话，不用理睬2）a   balabala, it acts    b   balabala- it acts    c   balabala, acting    d   balabala: it acts这题前面balabala好像是有点用的，但记不全有点散，应该对，逗号那个不对，acting有夹心修饰的嫌疑，冒号不对，后面不是解释。3）……啥civilization…… a set of___________         in 一个什么地方a characteristics, including a, b and c, that are jointly found b characteristics, that includes a, b and cc characteristics that include a, b and c together foundd characteristics, which include a, b and c这题啊，那个a set of characteristics我觉得要限定，所以which，逗号that都不对， 我在 a，c里纠结了，但我不记得我选了啥哈哈3）        Were it not for________ ，____________ with its….直接说，选项里逗号后面只有两个选项是有would的，一个是the stars would,还有一个是a star would。 看后面，直接选。4）        Doing……….. ,_____________只有两个选项是researchers开头的，其他都不是人开头的，枪毙。那两个。。。不记得咋区别的了，不难。5） Unlike honey bees，whose……….. , the stingless bees怎么怎么样
By Alegna31


34. 语法，有GWD的题，这个大家自己去搜索一下吧。（不知道是不是狗主记错了，整理君找了好几遍都没发现这个题，各位同学若是有所发现的希望通知下，拜谢！）（1）考点是compared _________ 只有一个选项里带着 in contrast to，剩下的都是 to .... 或 as ... 的结构（2）有个超级难的，我犹豫了很久，选项里弄了很多破折号，大概意思是这样，选项里有个as much - or more - .......     as - or than -  it is ....是其中一个选项。这个我没敢选，我觉得，对仗也太工整了吧，反正我真心没见过这么用的。凭感觉，选了个最后不带or than的。这个题绝对没出现过，反正我没碰见过，不然这么奇葩的对联题，怎么也应该记得住！大家不妨去了解一下这么倒霉的插入语用法！（3）哦，对了，还有个题，选项中有三个都是看着比较可能的结构，很短，as 开头，觉得怪，第4 5都是appear 开头，最后还是appear 开头的比较合适我还有个语法题，是平行结构，either or被套用在其中，还有doing结构连续三个and对比的。By turndd

35.【V2】语法有一题是tendency的，选项有 tendency for ...doing, tendency of...to do, 我选 to do的
By xibeiwang

【V1】有个tendency的固定搭配，我也没把握。。。最后选了 ...the tendency for the biological structures to take on new functions.（刚刚查字典，还真有类似的tendency for sth to do sth的例句）。还有一些分散的小点如破折号，可能不是考点，但如果复习时cover到了还是心安些。
By leeng

nolove_yue

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疯婆子颠三

顶上
！！！

double7

,,,,,,,,,,,

Zatilda

辛苦搂住啦

ljkfrv

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stella1992

感谢分享

aubrey1026

JIAYOU~~~~~~~~~

吴瑞塔

好人！！！！！！！！！！