GMAT备考日记－AT

AnnTeng

3．在一些报道性的词语后面一定跟着that
Indicate, claim, contend, report, announce, assert, believe, confess, demonstrate, doubt, expect, hold, know, mention ,observe, proclaim, reason, recognize, repeat, state, think , warn, be convinced , be certain, be assured, agree, declare, find, reveal, rule ,show
Too Short: The study INDICATES the problem has vanished.
Better: The study INDICATES THAT the problem has vanished.
有一个比较特殊的词就是say,之后不必跟that，就可以跟一个句子
Right: The water was so cold that people SAID polar bears would shiver.

AnnTeng

（三）平行
1．名词有两种形式：实体名词(时间、地点、人、事件)，动作名词(eruption, pollution, change,
growth等)，二者不能平行
2．动名词：简单动名词，（动名词＋名词）
Tracking satellites accurately is important for the space agency.
复杂动名词（含有修饰成分，经常是前面加一个冠词a/an/the+of的介宾短语）
The accurate tracking of satellites is important for the space agency.
,简单动名词不能和复杂动名词平行。且只有复杂动名词才能与动作名词平行。
Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disput- ed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, raising the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.
Right: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disput- ed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, THE raising OF the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.
其中withdrawal,reductions,pardon都是动作名词，而the raising of是复杂名词。
The accurate tracking of satellites -复杂动名词； tracking satellites -简单动名词
在所有的动名词中，永远选择复杂动名词（通常带OF）而不是简单动名词。
Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND releasing certain political prisoners.
Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND THE releasing OF certain political prisoners.
Right:The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND THE RELEASE OF certain political prisoners.

AnnTeng

3．如果一个动词有具体的名词形式，就不要用动名词，如extract就有名词extraction
OG129：定语从句不要倒装；OG133：就近修饰，定语从句或ving 修饰
OG： D50 that的指代是否模糊？
4．不定式平行，若有3个及以上元素，是否省略To看前一个
It is critical to suspend activities, notify investors, AND say not

AnnTeng

1．like可以修饰名词和动词(I danced LIKE you last night.)，但like后只能跟名词或代词。
2．as 可以作为连词和介词也可以做对比
（1）as 作为连词
As I strolled to the store, I smelled the air. (while, during) 当…时候
I will not tell you, as you already know. (since, because) 因为
You should walk as she wants you to. (in the same way) 正如
（2）做“象／相似于”讲de时候，通常和“just ,so ,so too”一起，连接2个句子，或者连接一个短语＋句子
Right: JUST AS the trains were late yesterday, SO TOO are they late today.
Right: AS in the previous case, the judge took an early break.
（3）AS 作为介词，表“作为，当” 而不是“象”
As your leader, I am in charge. I think you as my friend. AS a child, I thought I could fly.
（4）as…as 结构
第一个As 后面跟形容词或副词，第二个as 后面跟名词
They are as hungry as they were last night.
（5）举例只能用As（或such as），不能用like
Wrong :I enjoy fast food LIKE hamburgers.(=fast food SIMILAR TO hamburgers)
Right: I enjoy fast food SUCH AS hamburgers.

AnnTeng

（四）数字比较
1．对： 3 times as old as   错：3 times older than (怎么能拿是3 倍更老呢)
   对： 3 years older than  错：3 years as old as
2．有时候用times, 不要as 或than, 表示直接修饰
The cost of a ticket is $12, six times the cost ten years ago.
The concert was attended by 300 people, twice the previous attendance.
3．more, less 很灵活，可作名词，形容词或副词
I own more than I should. 名词 I own more shirts than I should. 形容词
I sleep more than I should. 副词
但是higher, greater, lower 等只能用作形容词
×I spend lower than I did last year. √My bills are lower than they were last year.
4．比较双方一定要对等,且一定要清晰
(1) We have even more efficient engines than before. 此句意思模糊,应改为：
We have even more engines that are efficient than before.
或者We have engines even more efficient than before.
(2) 一些表示比较词，exceed, surpass，前后比较对象也要对等。
The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence among women.
(3) In addition to， 通常放在句首，表示另外的一个例子。
IN ADDITION TO taxes, death is inevitable. (同类)
IN ADDITION TO Munster cheese, I like Swiss. (不同类事物)

AnnTeng

比较结构的省略
（1）所有格省略
前句有明确说明所有物是什么东西，后句的就可以省略，用所有格表示。
P.S. 所有格/所有物可以代表单数和复数，只有逻辑意思合理就行。
EG: My car is bigger than Brian's [car}. My toes are longer than Brian's [toes}.
（2）比较从句可以省略宾语、谓语甚至整个从句，只要逻辑意思合理。
EG: Whereas I drink 2 quarts of milk a day, my friend drinks 3 [quarts}.
I walk faster than Brian [walks}.
I walk as fast now as [I walked] when I was younger.
（3）有些句子为了不造成歧义，需要添加动词和情态动词，以保持逻辑含义鲜明。
EG: Visual eats more carrots than donuts. (donuts必须为宾语才能省略)
Ambiguous: I like cheese more than Yvette. {Yvette could be subject or object.}
Right: I like cheese more than Yvette DOES. (=than Yvette likes cheese)
Right: I like cheese more than I DO Yvette. (= than I like Yvette)
总结：主语比较，新的主语+动词（或省略动词）；介宾比较、宾语比较，直接放介宾和宾语即可。

AnnTeng

（一）连词
1．一个正确的句子至少有一个主句：有完整的主谓结构，且不以because or if结尾；逗号不
足以连接两个完整句子。
2．and 是GMAT 考试总最重要的连词，它可以连接多个名词，或多个结构相同成分或者
句子，注意and连接的前后成分一定要是并列的。
And的两种用法：1）连接一系列的名词。（apples, grapes, and pears）
2)连接两个主语从句（意味着2个主语2个谓语，且并列）and前面如果有逗号，则后面必有主语！或者and 是一个主语发出的2个动作，则不需要逗号，直接用and连接。
Wrong: Earl walked to school, AND later ate his lunch.
Right: Earl walked to school ，AND HE later ate his lunch.
3．一次只能用一个连词，如since/because, so不能同时用， although, yet不能同时用。
4．并列连词：and, but, or, for, nor, yet, so；从属连词，although, because, before, after, since,
when, if , unless, that, though, while

AnnTeng

（三）比较重要考点
1．对主谓宾全的句型
(1) 主语比较： A do sth than B do.（AB为对等名词，加do 是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）
(2) 介宾比较 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.（C1C2，D1D2对等名词）
注意一定要是介宾才能直接跟在than后面
The clothes inside the store looked more appealing than outside the racks.错,不是介宾比较
The clothes inside the store looked more appealing than did those outside the racks. 对
(3) 宾语比较 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词)
(4) 状语比较A do sth than usual/ever before/people expected(直接加状语)
2．一种句型只有主谓，没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而
不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：
I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别
I eat apple faster than you do
如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按ETS的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。

AnnTeng

3．AS 族的比较大同小异，as 可单独引导比较，也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等
形式，但ETS宗旨不变，如
Sand road costs twice as many to build as to maintain(类似于介宾比较）
Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较）
Sand road costs the government twice as many to build as the residents.(宾语比较)
4．特殊句型
AS poor as they are, they cannot afford a car.
They have 800 million students, as many as have enrolled in our school.
5．There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型OG89
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four times as many as there were four years
ago(主语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four times as many as DVD player(宾语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four times as many as for school teachers.(介宾比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as in china(介宾比较)

AnnTeng

each & every 两个词如果放在复数主语之前用单数，复数主语之后用复数
EG: every dog and cat has paws. They each are great tennis players.