大家好，周五经管来了~~ yingjie姐有事，Kim代班，希望大家喜欢。
看到心动姐专题做得很成功，也来赶潮流做了个专题：老大哥的美洲之行。文章是按老大哥出行顺序排列：Trinidad and Tobago--Costa Rica--Mexico--America。题目隐藏，可读完后查看。
PS1: 找材料的时候又想到一个有意思的专题，在这里推荐一下~ Key Word: First Lady. 最近第一夫人们都很忙啊~有的忙着陪大哥出席访问（ 狂顶），有的忙着陪女儿参加毕业典礼，有的忙着离婚: ( ，有的玩时尚出专辑~
ps2：针对米歇尔不参加习奥会，大家怎么看呢，是怕站在彭母面前自己一直苦心经营的形象受损，是真的家庭为重儿女为重，还是有什么阴谋 嘿嘿~~open to discuss,希望听到大家有趣的解释 （anyway，还是很喜欢米歇尔，特别是她的演讲，跟奥巴马都是天才演讲家！）
PS:3:鉴于前面速度都是卡了要求的字数下限200字，为了增加乐趣和挑战，也为了不影响最后一篇文章本身的趣味性，把整篇1312字全部贴出来做越障，不再另加the rest部分了（加了有相当一部分人会选择不读，这是一大损失）。加油！
PS4: 吐个槽，最近铁板们太猖獗了！20-3刚出半小时就刷到第二页了！让我这个常年稳坐首页的着实有点桌急啊。大家要加把劲儿啊! 不能输给山寨铁板们！要占得首页多数席位说话才硬嘛~ 本神贴必须正义联盟稳坐前排有木有，第一次正义联盟也统一起来了！鸡冻啊！
PS5：一如既往支持猴哥！神猴必胜！
Here we go~
Article 1 (check the title later)
China leader Xi Jinping in Trinidad and Tobago
[Time 1]
Chinese President Xi Jinping has held meetings with the leaders of Trinidad and Tobago.
Mr Xi is the first Chinese head of state to visit the Caribbean nation.
The leaders of the two countries said their talks had focused on improving co-operation in the energy sector. Trinidad and Tobago has large oil and natural gas resources, while China is the world's largest consumer of energy.
Mr Xi is also travelling to Costa Rica, Mexico and the United States.
'Key partner'
"We both agree to actively advance co-operation in key areas of energy, minerals and infrastructure development and also to advance our cooperation in new energy, telecommunications and agriculture," Mr Xi said after meeting Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar.
Ms Persad-Bissessar said her country sees China "as a key business partner and potential new market for our energy products".
Energy Minister Kevin Ramnarine said Trinidad was hoping to benefit from China's strategy "to move the country away from coal and towards natural gas".
Mr Xi also announced that China would loan Trinidad and Tobago $250m (£165m) to build a children's hospital.
Trade between the two countries has been growing, with figures from the International Monetary Fund suggesting it has gone up from $174m to $450m over the last six years,
On Sunday, Mr Xi will meet with Costa Rican President Laura Chinchilla.
(220 words)
Source: BBC
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-22744040
Article 2
China lends Costa Rica $400 million on Xi visit
[Time 2]
SAN JOSE (Reuters) - China lent CentralAmerican ally Costa Rica nearly $400 million on Monday during a visit byChinese President Xi Jinping to a region where Beijing has traditionally viedwith rival Taiwan for influence. Costa Rica recently backed China in itsdispute with Taiwan, which Beijing regards as a renegade province, in votes atthe United Nations. Members of the Costa Rican opposition said the dealsannounced on Monday raised questions about what China expected in return. The bulk of the financial aid was madethrough the Export-Import Bank of China, which said it was giving a $296million loan to fund the extension of a road to connect the central part ofCosta Rica to its main shipping port in the Caribbean. A second loan for $101 million was made toallow Costa Rica to replace some 16,000 public transportation vehicles. Bothloans must be approved by Costa Rica's Congress. The Caribbean and Central America areregions where China and Taiwan have competed for allies. China and Taiwan havebeen ruled separately since defeated Nationalist forces fled to the island atthe end of a civil war in 1949. China still claims the island as its ownterritory and reserves the right to use military force to reclaim Taiwan,although economic ties have broadened rapidly and a free-trade agreement linksthe two sides. Costa Rican Foreign Minister EnriqueCastillo said on Sunday that it would "only be natural for China to ask usfor support at the United Nations level." But after the loans were announced by theCosta Rican government, Castillo said no strings had been attached. "In the political arena, China hasasked us for nothing, there have been no conditions imposed on us," hesaid. "It's been our initiative, since weare friends, to offer our position in the region and help them start newfriendships with other countries here," he added. (319 words)
[Time 3]
FREE LUNCH? Xi's visit came on the sixth anniversary ofthe beginning of diplomatic relations between the two countries. He is set tofly to Mexico on Tuesday for a state visit, and then to the United States tomeet President Barack Obama later in the week. Nine deals were signed on the visit,including a Chinese donation of $16.3 million for Costa Rica's police academy.Costa Rica will be applying for a loan from China to buy 5,000 solar panels incoming months, the government said. But a $1.5 billion upgrade of an oilrefinery by China National Petroleum Corporation, due to be funded partlythrough a $900 million loan from the China Development Bank, is still pendingas Costa Rica is not yet satisfied with the terms. The main opposition Citizens' Action Party,or PAC, submitted a letter in Mandarin to Xi calling for transparency on theagreements made on Monday, PAC congresswoman Carmen Munoz said. "We know there's no such thing as afree lunch and from this point of view we are questioning why Costa Rica isopening its doors for China and in exchange for what," she said."We'll see how these gifts and donations express themselves in thefuture." China is Costa Rica's second-biggesttrading partner after the United States. Costa Rica imported $1.44 billion inChinese goods last year, while its exports to China were $331 million, governmentdata showed. (237 words)
Source: Yahoo
http://news.yahoo.com/china-lends-costa-rica-400-million-xi-visit-223815784.html
Article 3
Mexico, China agreements aim at balancing trade
[Time 4]
MEXICO CITY (AP) -- The presidents of Chinaand Mexico agreed Tuesday to broaden relations between their countries andexpand trade ties, including opening the Chinese market to imports of Mexicantequila and pork. After meeting privately, China's Xi Jinpingand Mexico's Enrique Pena Nieto said they are transforming the relationshipinto a "strategic partnership" and taking steps to move towardbalancing their trade, which now is heavily in favor of China. The leaders signed a dozen memorandums ofunderstanding and cooperation agreements in areas including energy, mining,education and infrastructure. "Today, we are giving way to a newrelationship, a new phase of the relationship," Pena Nieto said in a jointstatement. Xi said China wanted better relations with Mexico, which he called "a great friend and a great partner in the LatinAmerican region." Mexico and China established diplomaticrelations in 1972, but relations cooled during the administration on PenaNieto's predecessor, Felipe Calderon, after he received the Dalai Lama. China'sForeign Ministry called that meeting with the Tibetan spiritual leaderinterference in China's internal affairs. In the joint statement Tuesday, Mexico saidit recognizes the principle of "one China," and considers Tibet andTaiwan to be "an inalienable part of Chinese territory." (205 words)
[Time 5]
The statement said Mexico will be able tosell its pork and tequila to China, something which had been discussed forseveral years. Xi said China will sign contracts to buymore than $1 billion worth of Mexican products, but did not provide anydetails. He also said the number of scholarships for Mexicans to study in Chinawill be increased to 300 over the next three years from 40. Pena Nieto said the new agreements areaimed at balancing trade between the two nations and also seek to increaseChinese investment in Mexico. He said Mexico hopes to become a"platform" for Chinese companies to trade with other nations in theregion. For now, Mexico has Latin America's worsttrade balance with China. In 2012, Mexico sold just over $5.7 billion in goodsto China, while importing nearly $57 billion in Chinese products. On Wednesday, Xi is meeting with Mexicansenators and business executives, and plans to tour the Mayan archaeologicalsite of Chichen Itza in Yucatan on Thursday. The Chinese leader then heads to the UnitedStates, which will be the last stop on his visit to the Western Hemisphere. Hepreviously met with Caribbean leaders in Trinidad and Tobago and visited theCentral American country of Costa Rica. (211 words)
Source: Yahoo
http://news.yahoo.com/mexico-china-agreements-aim-balancing-023302694.html;_ylt=AwrNUbCRQbFRt2QAh0jQtDMD%20%20target=
PART II OBSTACLE
Article 4
Obama heads for US-China summit with high hopes for progress
The last time the presidents of China and the US met in such informal circumstances, it was for a barbecue lunch and atour of George W Bush's ranch in Texas, lasting just four hours and to mark theretirement of Jiang Zemin in 2002. When Barack Obama sits down with the newlyinstalled Xi Jinping at the Sunnylands country estate in California on Fridayand Saturday, they will be aiming for a superpower retreat of an altogether different ambition. Though the shirt sleeves will be carefully rolled up, to suggesta relaxed affair, expectations are building on both sides for a historicmeeting that attempts nothing short of carving out a new world order. Rather than the traditional pomp andcircumstance of state visits, a handful of key advisers will gather among theeucalyptus trees for open-ended discussions on issues that affect not just theworld's two largest economies, but scores of other countries too. Jeff Bader, who as National SecurityCouncil director for east Asia helped organise a dozen Chinese meetings inObama's first term, remembers stuffy affairs with barely room for everyone tosit. "This one will have small groups of five or six people from eachside, rather than 20 or 30," he says. "This is a new type of greatpower relationship. In the past they always insisted on the pomp of a statevisit as a mark of respect, but Xi is more confident than that." Washington hopes such confidence istempered by a recognition of mutual weaknesses, pointing out that the Chineseeconomy is softening while the US recovers, and stressing shared anxiety overNorth Korea. "The Chinese know that therelationship between rising powers and existing powers doesn't always endhappily, so they are seeking something more co-operative," says Bader, whois now with the Brookings Institution thinktank. Cybersecurity
Whether such sunny Californian optimism is matched by reality will depend greatly on the first of three issues at the top of the US agenda for the meeting. In the past, superpowers clashed over spy planes and missile launchers. Today, the battle for dominance is measured in computer hacks and denial-of-service attacks.
Anger has been mounting in Washington at what the administration sees as brazen attempts to steal commercial and military secrets by Chinese government agencies exploiting the openness of the US internet. Last week the defence secretary, Chuck Hagel, described the broader problem of cyber-attacks as "the security challenge of our age", and published a long report on recent incursions.
In private, US officials are more sanguine about parts of the Chinese threat. Military espionage, such as the alleged theft of weapons designs, is seen as a fact of life, best fought with tighter security and counter-measures. The risk of electronic sabotage against power stations and infrastructure is also seen as a greater threat from countries with less to lose from retaliation, such as Iran and North Korea.
But the threat from Chinese commercial espionage and theft of intellectual property has inflamed not just the political class in Washington but corporate America too, and it poses a risk to what is otherwise a rapidly improving bilateral relationship. The White House hopes to convince Xi that this is a lasting issue for the US and not just this month's Washington fad. Though there is sympathy for the argument that branches of the Chinese government and industry may be acting without central direction, US officials feel it is time for Beijing to crack down on cyber attacks.
Obama's problem, however, is what he can offer critics in Washington to show he has made progress with Xi on the matter. White House officials are keen to play down expectations of any formal summit communique or statement from the Chinese, who feel the issue has been overblown. Instead, watch out for briefings from advisers pointing to vague agreements on "new international norms" governing cybersecurity, and hints that Xi has had his arm twisted in private.
The economy
In recent years, summits between China and the US have been dominated by talk of currency manipulation and trade imbalances. Though the trade deficit hasn't gone away – reaching a record $315bn between the two countries last year – Chinese agreement to let the renminbi appreciate against the dollar has taken the heat out of the political anger in Washington, which hopes the worst may have passed.
For once, US economists are also more concerned about weakening of Chinese growth rates and generally support efforts by Beijing to stimulate domestic demand rather than exports. With the US economy showing gradual signs of recovery, they also expect fewer smug lectures about Anglo-Saxon capitalism from the Chinese than was common after the financial crash.
Instead, presidential talks in California are likely to focus on trade, where both countries believe they share common interests. The US recently negotiated a major free-trade agreement with other Asia economies, which deliberately sought to exclude China and bolster regional rivals. Now China wants in on the deal, and the US will be looking to emulate controls it sought on the activities of state-owned enterprises in Vietnam, to make sure China's companies are not unduly subsidised when competing internationally.
China wants the US to increase access for its investors. "Both state-owned and private companies are very keen to invest in other countries and the US is a very big market. But … they face many constraints, especially on the political side," said Xu Bin, professor of economics and finance at the China Europe International Business School. The Chinese tech firms Huawei and ZTE are only the most obvious examples.
North Korea
Hopes are highest over foreign policy, a subject that China has tended to avoid in recent summits. But if Beijing is serious about seeking superpower parity, expect to see warm words about international co-operation, particularly in relation to North Korea and its nuclear ambitions.
Washington is encouraged by signs of irritation from Beijing towards its smaller communist neighbour during a recent ratcheting up of tensions with the US. A warm invitation to Beijing for South Korean president Park Geun-hye was seen as a decisive snub toward the bellicose northern leader, Kim Jong-un, as was the Bank of China's closure of accounts related to North Korea's nuclear programme.
Recent statements by Xi stressing China's desire for a nuclear-free Korean peninsula may just be a pre-summit "gift" to the US, but it's one that the White House will be keen to unwrap. Expect to see statements designed to prevent Pyongyang from playing Washington and Beijing off against each other. Shi Yinhong, an expert on Sino-American relations at Renmin University, said that China will also want to discuss US relations with Japan in the context of the territorial dispute over the Diaoyu or Senkaku islands, which both Beijing and Tokyo claim.
Expectations
Beijing is more concerned with improving the working relationship than specific topics. "This meeting in itself is what China wanted to achieve," said Shi.
Analysts warn against unrealistically high expectations of a two-day meeting. Linda Jakobson, director of the east Asia programme at the Lowy Institute for International Policy, said that while there seem to be attempts to centralise Chinese foreign policy decision-making, it remains highly complex, with many actors.
"Leadership does matter," she said, "but we shouldn't have exaggerated expectations that if Xi and Obama get along, tensions will decrease instantaneously or even automatically. In both countries there is a political establishment behind both men … There are so many forces in both Washington and Beijing which also tend to lean towards perceiving the other in a prism of distrust."
A more personal relationship between the two leaders "can easily be achieved", said Shi Yinhong. "But interpersonal relations are not the same as bilateral success."
(1312 words)
Source: Guardian
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/obama-us-china-xi-jinping-summit
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