天山 3-7

三脚猫

同意anitahsu的看法，关于numbers 的用法同问

而今迈步从头越

以下是引用anitahsu在2005-1-20 11:23:00的发言：

I picked E because all others have some obvious faults.

A. have been reduced --> has been reduced.  The first part of the sentence is not parallel with the 2nd.

B. is not controlled --> are not controlled.  The first part of the sentence is not parallel with the 2nd.

C. has been reduced --> have been reduced.  The first part of the sentence is not parallel with the 2nd.

D. is not controlled --> are not controlled.  Awkward.

however, can we use "wild salmon’s numbers" ?

对于从句的主谓一致问题，我觉得deep-sea和coastal并列修饰netting，中心词是netting，所以谓语用单数是应该的。

E我觉得从逻辑意思上来讲更好，因为数目的减少是因为by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal
netting，by pollution, and by various other threats。完美的平行，结构对称，逻辑意思对等。

B number of wild salmon is reduced because deep-sea and coastal netting is not
controlled， by pollution, and by various other threats

其中by pollution,, and by various other threats 不知作何成分？如果要表达 deep-sea and coastal netting is not controlled(，) by pollution(,) and by various other threats，这2格逗号都不需要；而且逻辑意思上来讲不同，看一下：因为深海和沿岸的渔网没有被污染和其他威胁所控制。

关于表达数量的时候用numer还是numbers得问题，我的经验是优先选择number，但是numbers也可以。2道og得题： og 23，og 251，ETS有用numbers得，也有用number，所以是一个相对错误---当然这一点是从经验得出，没有理论根据！--希望有人解答！

23. A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.

(A)              numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase

(B)              numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percent

(C)             numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent

(D)             number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent

(E)              number of women employed outside the home was raised by more than a thirty-five percent increase

Because a count of women employed outside the home at any given time will be expressed by a single number, the use of the plural noun numbers in choices A, B, and C is illogical. In A, the phrase grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase is redundant and wordy, since the sense of increase is implicit in the verb grew. In C and E, the passive verb forms were raised and was raised are inappropriate because there is no identifi­able agent responsible for the raising of the number of women employed. In choice E, was raised by ... increase is redun­dant. Choice D, which presents the comparison logically and idiomatically, is the best answer.

251. The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's. .

(A)              extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than

(B)              extinction; its numbers are now five times more than

(C)             extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were

(D)             extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had

(E)              extinction, now with numbers five times greater than

A, the best choice, uses a singular pronoun, its, to refer to the singular antecedent The gyrfalcon, and it properly uses the construction its numbers are now ... greater than. In B, the construction its numbers are ... more is not idiomatic: there are more birds, but not more numbers. Choices C and D use a plural pronoun, their or they, to refer to a grammatically singular antecedent, The gyrfalcon. Choices D and E wrongly use a phrase introduced by now with to modify The gyrfalcon. In both choices, the phrase confusingly seems to parallel with extinction; a new clause with a present tense verb is needed to state what the gyrfalcon's numbers are now.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-1-21 0:02:30编辑过]

而今迈步从头越

又仔细看了一下，好像ETS倾向于这样子用：

the number of sth,----number用单数  

sb/sth's (单数名词) numbers----number用复数

angel_coco

以下是引用cicilla在2005-1-17 14:15:00的发言：
B中间的 deep-sea and coastal netting is not controlled，is不对吧，要用are。就算are，也和后面的不对称。

deep-sea与coastal 并列后再修饰netting吧，因此用is，但好像句子结构与后面的不平行，做题时用number把ACDE全排除了，现在发现不对，但D中的numbers怎么理解？

angel_coco

以下是引用而今迈步从头越在2005-1-21 0:06:00的发言：

又仔细看了一下，好像ETS倾向于这样子用：

the number of sth,----number用单数  

sb/sth's (单数名词) numbers----number用复数

恍然大悟呀，谢谢mm

lilyzy

而今迈步从头越 总结的好. 我今天再看了一下大全, 对number的用法有了一个飞跃性的认识. 这是我的补充. 欢迎讨论.

1) 前面只要有the或a, 就一定用number:

1.        A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.

(A) numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase

(B) numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percent

(C) numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent

(D) number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent（D）

(E) number of women employed outside the home was raised by more than a thirty-five percent increase

有the, numbers必错.

2.        A number of linguists contend that all of the thousands of languages spoken by the world’s five billion people can be traced back to a common root language.

3.        Developing nations in various parts of the world have amassed $700 billion in debts; at stake, should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is the solvency of some of the world’s largest multinational banks.

(A) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, is

(B) should a significant number of these debts be repudiated, are

(C) should they repudiate a significant number of these debts, are

(D) if there is a repudiation of a significant number of these debts, would be（A）

(E) if a significant number of these debts will be repudiated, is

4.        Dr. Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign substance.

(A) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at

(B) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically to

(C) seeming unlimited number of antibodies, all specifically targeted at

(D) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, all of them targeted specifically to（E）

(E) seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at

5.        Los Angeles has a higher number of family dwellings per capita than any large city.

(A) a higher number of family dwellings per capita than any large city

(B) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than any other large city

(C) a higher number of family dwellings per capita than does any other large city

(D) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than do other large cities（C）

(E) a high per capita number of family dwellings, more than does any other large city

此题B和C在number上的用法都对, 从其他地方入手.

6.        The argument that the dominant form of family structure today is not the nuclear family, but rather it is a family which is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families, the amount of vertical and horizontal communication between family subunits, and the extent to which family members offer assistance to one another.

(A) family, but rather it is a family which is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families

(B) family, but is instead a family that is modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: three-generational families exist

(C) family, which has been modified and extended, is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families

(D) family but a modified extended family is based on a number of facts: the existence of three-generational families（D）

(E) family, but also a modified and extended family, is based on a number of facts: three-generational families exist

7.        The brain is something of a stimulus reduction system, a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount of stimuli that reach the senses at any given moment.

(A) a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount

(B) a means to reduce, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite number

(C) the means of reducing for comprehending the nearly infinite number

(D) the means that reduces, in order to comprehend, the nearly infinite amount（B）

(E) the means for reducing in order to comprehend the nearly infinite amount

8.        With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.

9.        The prime lending rate is a key rate in the economy: not only are the interest rates on most loans to small and medium-sized businesses tied to the prime, but also on a growing number of consumer loans, including home equity loans.

2) 如果是one of, 就用numbers

10.    New Jersey’s is one of the five highest number of reported cases of Lyme disease in the United States.

(A) New Jersey’s is one of the five highest number of reported

(B) New Jersey’s is one of the five highest numbers in reporting

(C) New Jersey has a report of one of the five highest numbers of

(D) New Jersey has one of the five highest numbers of reported（D）

(E) New Jersey reports one of the five highest number of

3) 没有a/the, 一定用numbers

11.    The Coast Guard recently redesigned channel markers in the Chesapeake Bay to accommodate large numbers of ospreys, whose huge nests formerly obstructed the lights.

(A) numbers of ospreys, whose huge nests

(B) numbers of ospreys, their huge nests

(C) amounts of ospreys, the huge nests of which

(D) nests of ospreys they（A）

(E) numbers of ospreys, and their huge nests

12.    The golden crab of the Gulf of Mexico has not been fished commercially in great numbers, primarily on account of living at great depths—2,500 to 3,000 feet down.

(A) on account of living

(B) on account of their living

(C) because it lives

(D) because of living（C）

(E) because they live

13.    The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970’s.

(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than

(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than

(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were

(D) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had（A）

(E) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than

14.    The speculative fever of the Roaring Twenties infected rich and poor alike; vast quantities of people were dangerously overextended, credit was absurdly easy to obtain, and most brokerage houses required only ten percent cash for stocks bought on “margin.”

(A) rich and poor alike; vast quantities of people were dangerously overextended

(B) both rich and poor alike; large amounts of people dangerously overextended themselves

(C) rich and poor alike; great numbers of people were dangerously overextended

(D) both rich and poor alike; vast amounts of people dangerously overextended themselves（C）

(E) both rich and poor; great quantities of people were dangerously overextended

15.    When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970’s, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an “Andromeda strain,” a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it.

(A) it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it

(B) it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it

(C) kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it

(D) kill vast numbers of humans who have no natural defenses against them（C）

(E) kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against them

而今迈步从头越

我觉得还要看number的用法：

1、表示有很多，后面接可数名词：可用number, a number of birds,很多birds

也可用numbers，og上有这两个例子：In great numbers, vast numbers of humans。具体我记不清了！可以在文档中搜一下！

2、表某物的数量：

the number of sth,----number用单数  

sb/sth's (单数名词) numbers----number用复数

当然如果从形式上来看的话，lilyzy MM的总结也不错！

totolau

E不对吧，其中 uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting 有歧义啊？

每个选项都有明显的错误，怎么回事啊？不会现在的gmat考题都是这种的吧？马上要靠了担心阿

anyname

以下是引用totolau在2005-1-31 14:57:00的发言：

E不对吧，其中 uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting 有歧义啊？

每个选项都有明显的错误，怎么回事啊？不会现在的gmat考题都是这种的吧？马上要靠了担心阿

我也支持E。"uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting"不会有歧义，因为uncontrolled，deep-sea和coastal都是形容词，修饰netting。

前面几位对numbers的总结很好。但我觉得，当某事物可能用多个number描述时，就可以用复数numbers，否则只能用单数number。这里wild salmon，可能有N种，每种有一个number，象是一个EXCEL表格。大家用这个法则套套其他OG题，应该好用。

看看以下Longman的例子，可能说只有's才能用numbers的说法可商榷。

”the numbers
a) information about something that is shown using numbers“

In Oxford, although the numbers of infected heterosexuals are low, they're rising dramatically.

Such individuals will then continue to breed, and the numbers will not sink as rapidly as the population controllers would like.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-2-28 13:16:54编辑过]

greatvampire

晕了 完全推翻了前面两位的总结

请问在具体的题目中你是怎么判断某个事务有多类的呢

这里的wild salmon还能分出多个种类来？比如说长胡须的、短胡须的？

我都搞不清还有什么不能再分类了