逻辑10套 excersice5 一道题目请教

AnnieZhuo

10. In the United States, the financing of industrial
research by private industrial firms remained steady
as a percentage of sales during the period between
1968 and 1978 (after correcting for inflation). But
slowdowns in the growth of industrial productivity
also occurred during that period, a fact that refutes
the notion that the growth of industrial productivity
is directly proportional to the amount invested in
industrial research.
Which of the following, if true for the United States,
most weakens the argument above?
(A) Federal funds, which constituted a significant
portion of the support for industrial research
from 1968 to 1978, fell annually and substan-
tially during that period.
(B) The inflation that occurred between 1968 and
1978 was more severe than leading economists
had expected.
(C) Industrial executives generally favor investing an
appreciably larger portion of corporate funds in
short-term product development than in basic
research.
(D) The scientists and engineers who worked in
industry from 1968 to 1978 were, as a group,
more experienced in their jobs than were those
who worked in industry during the previous
ten-year period.
(E) Corporate financing of industrial research
increased in several of the years immediately
following 1978 (after correcting for inflation)



不理解为什么会选A。。。B不对吗？

AnnieZhuo

3. Between 1970 and 1980, energy consumption by
United States industry peaked and then declined, so
that by 1980 total industrial use of energy was below
the 1970 level even though total industrial output
had grown substantially in the same period. Industry
must have instituted highly effective energy conser-
vation measures in those years to have achieved such
impressive results.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weak-
ens the conclusion of the argument?
(A) Many industries switched to the greatest extent
possible from high-priced oil to lower-priced
alternatives throughout the 1970's.
(B) Total residential energy consumption was higher
in the United States in 1980 than it had been
in 1970
(C) Many industrial users of energy had paid little
attention to energy conservation prior to 1970.
(D) Industrial output grew less rapidly from 1970 to
1980 than it had from 1960 to 1970.
(E) The industries whose production dropped sharply
during the 1970's included a disproportionately
large number of energy-intensive industries.

为什么选择A？alternative难道不应该是也作为energy的natural gas之类的吗？这样的话即使是用alternative不用oil，也不能解释他的energy use 变少啊、。。
B为什么不对？

求解答~！

AnnieZhuo

不好意思上一题是想问D为什么不对。。。

AnnieZhuo

自己顶上来。。。求问。。。

bigtrace

第一题，选A肯定的啊，这种weaken题就是要说还有没有其他原因导致了productive的下降，因为文中一开始说私人投资保持不变，就有可能是政府投资减少。B选项不够直接的说明是由于通胀导致的产能减少

bigtrace

第二题，结论说是由于采用了更加有效的新能源造成的，要去反驳他，可以说是由于采用了跟以前一样有效，但价格更低的能源。这样依然可以解释为什么这段时间内，能源的消费量减少。消费量可以用数量x价格表示。作者只分析了数量的影响，而忽视了价格的影响。

bigtrace

再补充一下，楼主的错误选项，这些都是与原文无关的间接因素，不能直接反驳原观点。

AnnieZhuo

bigtrace 发表于 2013-5-11 17:12
第二题，结论说是由于采用了更加有效的新能源造成的，要去反驳他，可以说是由于采用了跟以前一样有效，但价 ...

谢谢哦~~~~~~~~~~~~~~