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不知道这样格式发贴可以吗？只是指明哪一篇文章，没有指明具体的题目。因为我觉得阅读需要对整个文章的理解，如果理解了文章的每句话，题目自然不会做错，所以我想就整个文章进行讨论，如有不当之处，还请斑竹指正，谢谢。
下面文中红色的部分是我不明白的句子，或者说是不明白该句话和整个文章的关系，请大家帮我分析一下。
(This passage was originally published in 1905)
The word democracy may stand for a natural social equality in the body politic or for a constitutional form of government in which power lies more or less directly in the people’s hand. The former may be called social democracy differ widely, both in origin and in moral principle. Generically considered, social democracy is something primitive, unintended, proper to communities where there is general competence and no marked personal eminence. There be no will aristocracy, no prestige, but instead an intelligent readiness to lend a hand and to do in unison whatever is done. In other words, there will be that most democratic of governments—no government at all. But when pressure of circumstances, danger, or inward strife makes recognized and prolonged guidance necessary to a social democracy, the form its government takes is that of a rudimentary monarchy established by election or general consent. A natural leader emerges and is instinctively obeyed. That leader may indeed be freely criticized and will not be screened by any pomp or traditional mystery; he or she will be easy to replace and every citizen will feel essentially has or her equal. Yet such a state is at the beginnings of monarchy and aristocracy.
Political democracy, on the other hand, is a late and artificial product. It arises by a gradual extension of aristocratic privileges, through rebellion against abuses, and in answer to restlessness on the people’s part. Its principle is not the absence of eminence, but the discovery that existing eminence is no longer genuine and representative. It may retain many vestiges of older and less democratic institutions. For under democratic governments the people have not created the state they merely control it. Their suspicions and jealousies are quieted by assigning to them a voice, perhaps only a veto, in the administration. The people’s liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure, which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind.这一段主要是讲在起源上两种民主的区别，政治民主缘于人们发现现存的eminence不再具有真实性和代表性，之后似乎是讲政治民主的特征，不知这最后一句话该如何理解？
If we turn from origins to ideals, the contrast between social and political democracy is no less marked. Social democracy is a general ethical ideal, looking to human equality and brotherhood, and inconsistent, in its radical form, with such institutions as the family and hereditary property. Democratic government on the contrary, is merely a means to an end an expedient for the better and smoother government of certain states at certain junctures. It involves no special ideals of life, it is a question of policy namely, whether the general interest will be better served by granting all people an equal voice in elections. For political democracy must necessarily be a government by deputy, and the questions actually submitted to the people can be only very large rough matters of general policy or of confidence in party leaders.这段讲理念上的区别，社会民主是道德理想，而政治民主是手段。那最后这句话和该段的论证有什么关系呢？
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发表于 2004-12-15 05:46:00
楼主
