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linlin315

陈向东P154第3题
3、Psychological maladjustment in children is caused by the stress of the birthing process as is proved by the discovery of a positive relationship between the duration of the mother's labor and the amount of time the child spent crying in the first month of life.
Which of the following, if true, LEAST damages the author's assertion?
A.There is no relationship between the amount of time spent crying and psychological maladjustment.
B. Behavior indicative of psychological malajustment does not appear until the third month of a child's life.
C. From the infant's point of view, a hurried labor is more stressful than a gradual, slow delivery.
D. The estimates of the furation of labor were based on obstetriciam's estimates of the time of the onset of labor.
E. The infants who have experienced the greatest stress during birth are often too weak to cry for extended periods of time.
答案是：D
不明白C和D。C为何是削弱，D是啥？？
7、Our words are meaningless and cannot be distinguished from their opposites, as can be proved by an example. People think that they know the difference between the meanings of "bald" and "having hair." Suppose an average person twenty-one years of age has N hairs on his or her head. We say that that person is not bald but has hair. But surely one hair less would make no difference, and a person with N-1 hairs on his or her head would be said to have hair. Suppose we kept on, with one hair less each time. The result would be the same. But what would be the difference between someone who had one hair and someone who had none? We call them both bald. Nowhere can we make a distinction between "bald" and "having hair."
Which of the following statements best counters the argument above?
A. The word "bald" can be translated into other languages
B. A word can have more than one meaning
C. A word such as "cat" can be applied to several animals that differ in some respects
D. Words can lack precision without being meaningless
E. People cannot think clearly without using words
答案是：D
这道题是因为第一句的观点说明word are meaningless and imprecise,D说words在有意义的前提下可以lack precision才选的吗？？总是有点晕？？咋回事呢？？

anchoret

以下是引用linlin315在2003-7-12 20:42:00的发言：
陈向东P154第3题
3、Psychological maladjustment in children is caused by the stress of the birthing process as is proved by the discovery of a positive relationship between the duration of the mother's labor and the amount of time the child spent crying in the first month of life.
Which of the following, if true, LEAST damages the author's assertion?
A.There is no relationship between the amount of time spent crying and psychological maladjustment.
B. Behavior indicative of psychological malajustment does not appear until the third month of a child's life.
C. From the infant's point of view, a hurried labor is more stressful than a gradual, slow delivery.
D. The estimates of the furation of labor were based on obstetriciam's estimates of the time of the onset of labor.
E. The infants who have experienced the greatest stress during birth are often too weak to cry for extended periods of time.
答案是：D
不明白C和D。C为何是削弱，D是啥？？

d无关，estimate 与实际是没有关系的。所以least weaken the conclusion.

c反驳了duration of labor与stress的比例关系。

anchoret

以下是引用linlin315在2003-7-12 20:42:00的发言：
7、Our words are meaningless and cannot be distinguished from their opposites, as can be proved by an example. People think that they know the difference between the meanings of "bald" and "having hair." Suppose an average person twenty-one years of age has N hairs on his or her head. We say that that person is not bald but has hair. But surely one hair less would make no difference, and a person with N-1 hairs on his or her head would be said to have hair. Suppose we kept on, with one hair less each time. The result would be the same. But what would be the difference between someone who had one hair and someone who had none? We call them both bald. Nowhere can we make a distinction between "bald" and "having hair."
Which of the following statements best counters the argument above?
A. The word "bald" can be translated into other languages
B. A word can have more than one meaning
C. A word such as "cat" can be applied to several animals that differ in some respects
D. Words can lack precision without being meaningless
E. People cannot think clearly without using words
答案是：D
这道题是因为第一句的观点说明word are meaningless and imprecise,D说words在有意义的前提下可以lack precision才选的吗？？总是有点晕？？咋回事呢？？

d讲的是word可以不精确但同时有意义。言下之意是bald这个词虽然不精确（可以表示有头发），但不代表bald这个词没有意义（毕竟它表示头发少，和having hair还是可以区分的）

siebel

3 C反驳的是positive relationship，指出应该是negative relationship

linlin315

我没搞懂的是：文中只是说了psychological maladjustment和stress有关，但是没说是什么关系，正比还是反比。然后又说了duration和the amount of time之间存在正比的关系。但是他们和stress又是什么关系呢？C是如何反驳了duration of labor 和stress的比例关系呢？？不懂！搞不懂！！

以下是引用anchoret在2003-7-12 21:53:00的发言：

d无关，estimate 与实际是没有关系的。所以least weaken the conclusion.

c反驳了duration of labor与stress的比例关系。

linlin315

清楚！！

以下是引用anchoret在2003-7-12 21:57:00的发言：

d讲的是word可以不精确但同时有意义。言下之意是bald这个词虽然不精确（可以表示有头发），但不代表bald这个词没有意义（毕竟它表示头发少，和having hair还是可以区分的）

anchoret

以下是引用linlin315在2003-7-12 22:19:00的发言：
我没搞懂的是：文中只是说了psychological maladjustment和stress有关，但是没说是什么关系，正比还是反比。然后又说了duration和the amount of time之间存在正比的关系。但是他们和stress又是什么关系呢？C是如何反驳了duration of labor 和stress的比例关系呢？？不懂！搞不懂！！

文中说duration of labor 和stress是positive related, c说短的duration其stress更大，所以是negative related(至少不是positive related)

linlin315

难道又是我读题的问题？？
文章中那有讲duration of labor和stress 是positive related了？/文中是说a positive relationshiop between the duration and the amount of time.只能说明是duration和the amount of time 之间是正比关系！！还是没懂！！再讲讲呗？？？

以下是引用anchoret在2003-7-12 22:30:00的发言：

文中说duration of labor 和stress是positive related, c说短的duration其stress更大，所以是negative related(至少不是positive related)

anchoret

以下是引用linlin315在2003-7-12 23:00:00的发言：
难道又是我读题的问题？？
文章中那有讲duration of labor和stress 是positive related了？/文中是说a positive relationshiop between the duration and the amount of time.只能说明是duration和the amount of time 之间是正比关系！！还是没懂！！再讲讲呗？？？

the amount of time crying就是stress.看题目中的prove

tocean0222

以下是引用linlin315在2003-7-12 22:19:00的发言：
我没搞懂的是：文中只是说了psychological maladjustment和stress有关，但是没说是什么关系，正比还是反比。然后又说了duration和the amount of time之间存在正比的关系。但是他们和stress又是什么关系呢？C是如何反驳了duration of labor 和stress的比例关系呢？？不懂！搞不懂！！

According to the argument. the longer mother's labor, the longer time children spend crying. If,as stated in C, a hurried labor is more likely to be stressful and thus make children crying than a slow one, which costs mothers longer time, this conclusion will be weakened.The estimates of the furation of labor or obstetriciam's estimates of the time in D are not mentioned in the argument, and thus are of little or no relevance of the conclusion,