og passage 8

zhaozilong

以下是引用sensornet在2005-5-8 7:29:00的发言：

And another question, what is the role of following sentence for the 3rd paragraph? the third reason for the upsurge?

"The absence of any comparable
increase in unionization among private-sector clerical
workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst-the
structural change in the multioccupational public-sector
unions themselves. "

and I think the last sentence is a summarization of the reason for the upsurge, isn't it?

"Over the past twenty years, the occu-
(50) pational distribution in these unions has been steadily
shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predomi-
nantly white-collar. Because there are far more women
in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of
female members has accompanied the occupational shift
(55) and has altered union policy-making in favor of orga-
nizing women and addressing women’s issues."

Who can anwer the first question? thank you in advance!

baobaob

以下是引用sensornet在2005-5-8 7:29:00的发言：

And another question, what is the role of following sentence for the 3rd paragraph? the third reason for the upsurge?

"The absence of any comparable
increase in unionization among private-sector clerical
workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst-the
structural change in the multioccupational public-sector
unions themselves. "

我来试试

What accounts for this upsurge in unionization

among clerical workers? First, more women have entered

the work force in the past few years, and more of them

plan to remain working until retirement age. Conse-

(40) quently, they are probably more concerned than their

predecessors were about job security and economic bene-

fits. Also, the women’s movement has succeeded in legit-

imizing the economic and political activism of women on

their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive atti-

(45) tude toward unions.*47C The absence of any comparable

increase in unionization among private-sector clerical

workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst-the

structural change in the multioccupational public-sector

unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occu-

(50) pational distribution in these unions has been steadily

shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predomi-

nantly white-collar. Because there are far more women

in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of

female members has accompanied the occupational shift

(55) and has altered union policy-making in favor of orga-

nizing women and addressing women’s issues.

the 3rd paragraph共列举了increase 的3个原因：

第一，女性开始工作并干到退休；

第二，女权运动使得女性对工会的态度更positive。

第三，structural change in the multioccupational public-sector unions themselves。

作者认为primary catalyst是第三个原因，而不是前面的两个原因，因为如果是的话，也会有increase in unionization among private-sector clerical workers，但实际没有（The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector clerical workers)。下面的一道题可以帮助理解：（看63篇时的题，OG中没有）

The author implies that if the increase in the number of women in the work force and the impact of the women’s movement were the main causes of the rise in unionization of public-sector clerical workers, then虚拟语气，与现实不符的情况，逆否命题（要熟练掌握）

(A) more women would hold administrative positions in unions

(B) more women who hold political offices would have positive attitudes toward labor unions

(C) there would be an equivalent rise in unionization of private-sector clerical workers（要使前两个原因重要，只能使private也增加）

(D) unions would have shown more interest than they have in organizing women（C）

(E) the increase in the number of unionized public-sector clerical workers would have been greater than it has been

上述题目及分析引自某位NN的新东方网络课堂总结笔记。在此表示感谢。

由不对的地方请指正！

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-3-2 8:07:29编辑过]

司香尉

可是我觉得很奇怪，按这个意思来说就变成

问题：clerical workers为什么在union中增加？

答案：主要的催化剂是union本身的结构变化。

那么文章的最后两句话：Over the past twenty years, the occu->>

(50) pational distribution in these unions has been steadily>>

shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predomi->>

nantly white-collar. Because there are far more women>>

in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of>>

female members has accompanied the occupational shift

(55) and has altered union policy-making in favor of orga-

nizing women and addressing women’s issues

的作用是什么？是summerize整个段落还是在解释primary catalyst?

rosmarine

我同意楼上某位同学的意见，其实这篇文章所说的新老strategy其实本质上没什么区别，区别只在于不同时期工会membership的不同及其背后的社会历史背景不同。也许可以说工会在前后时期的effort确实是不一样的，这是根据现实情况变化而变化的，即“与时俱进”吧，但strategy还是遵循相同的原则。

天蝎座1107

Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The factors favoring unionization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy.
                        Receptivity to unionization on the workers’ part was also a consideration, but when there were large numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction, the multi-occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic reasoning was based, first, on the concern that politicians and administrators might play off (to set in opposition for one's own gain从中渔利；在…之间挑拨离间) unionized against non-unionized workers, and, second, on the conviction that a fully unionized public work force meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and expressed no interest in being organized, unions more often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.

第一段是讲prior to 1975工会的情况 作者说是somewhat limited 然后第一段就阐述一下怎么个somewhat limited法儿

But since the mid-1970’s,
                        a different strategy has emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers.
                        Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent

第二段讲since the mid-1970就不一样了 the biggest increases in public-sector...among clerical workers 就是说比较前面有一个很大的变换

What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? First, more women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. Also, the women’s movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive attitude toward unions. The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector clerical workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst—the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves.Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because there are far more women in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women’s issues.

第三段讲这个变化的原因

通过比较可以发现第一段中的union somewhat limited是因为它也就是将就着根据numbers, receptivity等等因素来运作一下 而后面的真正变化的union就不一样了 有woman movements等等原因

anyc100

个个都是牛人哇~~！！！！

Jets Jerseys,custom Jets jersey,Braylon Edwards Jersey,Darrelle Revis Jersey,Dustin Keller Jersey,Joe Namath Jersey,Nick Mangold Jersey,Shonn Greene Jersey,Santonio Holmes Jersey,LaDainian Tomlinson Jersey,Mark Sanchez Jersey,cheap hockey jerseys,wholesale soccer jerseys,Ben Roethlisberger Jersey,Ziggy Hood Jersey,Franco Harris Jersey,Hines Ward Jersey,James Farrior Jersey,James Harrison Jersey,Jerome Bettis Jersey,Joe Greene Jersey,Kevin Greene Jersey,LaMarr Woodley Jersey,Lawrence Timmons Jersey,Lynn Swann Jersey,Maurkice Pouncey Jersey,Mike Webster Jersey,Rocky Bleier Jersey,Rod Woodson Jersey,Troy Polamalu Jersey,steelers jerseys,Wholesale Hockey Jerseys,soccer jerseys,Raiders Jerseys,custom Raiders jersey,Bo Jackson Jersey,Darren McFadden Jersey,George Blanda Jersey,Howie Long Jersey,Jason Campbell Jersey,Jim Plunkett Jersey,Ken Stabler Jersey,Louis Murphy Jersey,Marcus Allen Jersey,Nnamdi Asomugha Jersey,Richard Seymour Jersey,Rolando McClain Jersey,Tim Brown Jersey,Zach Miller Jersey,NHL Hockey Jerseys,cheap soccer jerseys,wholesale jerseys,wholesale MLB jerseys,MLB wholesale,wholesale NHL jerseys,cheap jerseys,wholesale NFL jerseys,nike shox

love凤巢

这篇文章的内容十分不明白，有谁能跟我分析一下吗？谢谢！