OG13 SC10 请教NN们~

yiqing2012

The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the
universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty
billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.
(A)    that the universe began in an explosive instant
ten to twenty billion years ago and has been
expanding
(B)    that the universe had begun in an explosive
instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had
been expanding
(C)    that the beginning of the universe was an
explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago
that has expanded

(D)    the beginning of the universe to have been an
explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago
that is expanding
(E)    the universe to have begun in an explosive
instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has
been expanding

（在老帖里问可是一直没人回答，所以被迫重新开新帖）
对于OG上的解释：D选项中最后的that is expanding 指代的是the beginning of the universe，C选项上的that has expanded指代的是instant为何不同，superbat大牛的解释是：

应该说是一个句子结构层级的问题。

C: that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded

其中，the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant 是一个【主系表】结构，是句子主干。然后that的话，修饰就指向了这个结构中的近邻名词，instant。


D: the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding

D中the beginning of the universe 【to have been an explosive instant..】这个【】中的内容，是the beginning of the universe的一个修饰语，that引导的从句也是一个修饰语。所以，在这道题里，可以认为其实【to have....】和【that从句】都起着同样的作用，所以修饰的对象应该相同。故是the beginning of the universe


我理解上面所说的句子结构的问题，但是我还是有疑问：这里that为什么不修饰universe呢？我看了一下OG中的其它句子（因为that的例子没有找到，所以我找了which的，如果这两者中在这里的用法会有什么不同的话，希望NN们能指出来~O(∩_∩)O谢谢）：
1.In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined.
2、Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladitorial games, and spectacles.

我之前还看过一篇帖子，http://forum.chasedream.com/archiver/GMAT_SC/thread-441459-1.html，上面说A of B,wihch结构和其他A+介词+B,which不太一样，A of B,wihch结构中which就近指代B，而非核心词A。

那么这道题中，the beginning of universe that is expanding中为什么OG答案上要解释说是指beginning,而不是像其它句子里一样就近指代universe呢？而且在两者都make sense的情况下，不是应该遵循就近指代的原则会比较好吗？

DUKB24

nope

your understanding is not right


to have begun should be parallel to have expanded


moreover, I did not understand what you are trying to ask here


can you make it more simple

yiqing2012

dddd~

yiqing2012

up~~~

yiqing2012

up~~~

yiqing2012

D选项中 the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding 如果按bat的分析是：
   the beginning of the universe 【to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago 】that is expanding ，然后that is expanding 修饰 the beginning
OG上的解析过程中，也提到这里有歧义：expand的逻辑主语是beginng,而不是universe

但是 A of B that...中，我感觉that更倾向修饰B,即本题中expand应该更倾向修饰universe才对，为什么OG解释上会说expand的逻辑主语是beginng,而不是universe呢？

slr257

说实话，我觉得OG的解释太过于跳跃！首先，D里面的that从句可以修饰它前面的任何一个名词，包括instant，就像C里的instant可以被修饰一样！而OG并没有解释这一点。OG的思路是：即便that可以一直往前跳跃修饰，它也应该指代beginning，因为beginning才是那个词组的核心词，而后面的所有结构都是在修饰那个词组！这就是OG的思路，就是，即便是允许that往前跳跃，D也是错误的！而D竟然没说这一点。。。。我经常怀疑OG每一道题的解释究竟是不是一个人写的。。这种不和谐，OG里好多。。。。

yiqing2012

之前回复着打了很多很多字，打着打着居然突然明白了PREP中说的到底是什么意思了。。。。
这里不应该像bat那样划分结构，that就是应该就近指代instant才对（另外that/which从句到底能不能跳跃to do来修饰这个问题,我还没有弄明白。。。，但是这里应该是不可以吧。。。），但是因为that前面的beginning be an instant是主系表结构，所以begginning就是instant，这样C和D选项的解释就没什么矛盾了。。。。

而就A of B that/，which的结构而言，我个人的感觉是无论是which还是that应该都有就近修饰的倾向，但不绝对，可以跳跃修饰中心词，所以在A of B that/，which的结构中，that和which应该修饰A或者修饰B都可以，这个不应该作为考点才对。

不知道这样理解对不对，请指正！

DUKB24

之前回复着打了很多很多字，打着打着居然突然明白了PREP中说的到底是什么意思了。。。。
这里不应该像bat那样划分结构，that就是应该就近指代instant才对（另外that/which从句到底能不能跳跃to do来修饰这个问题,我还没有弄明白。。。，但是这里应该是不可以吧。。。），但是因为that前面的beginning be an instant是主系表结构，所以begginning就是instant，这样C和D选项的解释就没什么矛盾了。。。。

而就A of B that/，which的结构而言，我个人的感觉是无论是which还是that应该都有就近修饰的倾向，但不绝对，可以跳跃修饰中心词，所以在A of B that/，which的结构中，that和which应该修饰A或者修饰B都可以，这个不应该作为考点才对。

不知道这样理解对不对，请指正！

-- by 会员 yiqing2012 (2012/10/23 8:38:48)

it seems fine to me


also, it seems harsh for me if I do not reply your question ( so many thoughts here)


you just use the context to determine A of B


this rule applies to all the question


there is no hard and fast rule


it will be a hopeless attempt to draw an overall conclusion


you can use grammatical and logical rule to determine what that is intended to modify


if you cannot, the sentence is poorly written

slr257

D不是主系表结构，或者说to do后面这样用也可以？