OG-18

wwwhahchn

When A. Philip Randolph assumed the leadership of the

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, he began a ten-year

battle to win recognition from the Pullman Company, the

largest private employer of Black people in the United

(5) States and the company that controlled the railroad

industry’s sleeping car and parlor service. In 1935 the

Brotherhood became the first Black union recognized by a

major corporation. Randolph’s efforts in the battle helped

transform the attitude of Black workers toward unions and

(10) toward themselves as an identifiable group; eventually,

Randolph helped to weaken organized labor’s antagonism

toward Black workers.

In the Pullman contest Randolph faced formidable

obstacles. The first was Black workers’ understandable

( 15) skepticism toward unions, which had historically barred

Black workers from membership. An additional obstacle

was the union that Pullman itself had formed, which

weakened support among Black workers for an

independent entity.

(20) The Brotherhood possessed a number of advantages,

however, including Randolph’s own tactical abilities. In

1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against

Pullman. Such a threat, on a national scale, under Black

leadership, helped replace the stereotype of the Black

(25)worker as servant with the image of the Black worker as

wage earner. In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided

the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the

country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities;

their segregated life protected the union’s internal

(30) communications from interception. That the porters were a

homogeneous group working for a single employer with

single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from

city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encour-

aged racial identity and solidarity as well. But it was only

(35) in the early 1930’s that federal legislation prohibiting a

company from maintaining its own unions with company

money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become

recognized as the porters’ representative.

Not content with this triumph, Randolph brought the

(40)Brotherhood into the American Federation of Labor, where

it became the equal of the Federation’s 105 other unions.

He reasoned that as a member union, the Brotherhood

would be in a better position to exert pressure on member

unions that practiced race restrictions. Such restrictions

were eventually found unconstitutional in 1944.

109.The passage suggests which of the following about the response of porters to the Pullman Company’s own union?

  (A) Few porters ever joined this union.

  (B) Some porters supported this union before 1935.

  (C) Porters, more than other Pullman employees, enthusiastically supported this union.

  (D) The porters’ response was most positive after 1935.

  (E) The porters’ response was unaffected by the general skepticism of Black workers concerning unions.

OG的解释：The best answer is B. Line 16-19 of the passage state that the existence of a Pullman-owned union "weakened support among Black workers for an independent entity" such as Randolp's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. Thus, the passage suggests that some porters did support the Pullman Company union.

黑体部分为什么说an independent entity such as Randolp's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters，怎么看出来的？还有，为什么这里的support for Randolp's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters到后面就成了support for the Pullman Company union？难道Randolp's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters=the Pullman Company union？

还有，下面这段看不懂，麻烦哪位NN翻译一下，谢谢

In addition, the porters’ very isolation aided

the Brotherhood. Porters were scattered throughout the

country, sleeping in dormitories in Black communities;

their segregated life protected the union’s internal

(30) communications from interception. That the porters were a

homogeneous group working for a single employer with

single labor policy, thus sharing the same grievances from

city to city, also strengthened the Brotherhood and encour-

aged racial identity and solidarity as well.

mage

Randolf’s union没有依附于任何公司，相对于Pullman公司内部的union来说是个独立的组织，因此这里的independent entity 就是指Brotherhood，the Pullman Company union是与Randolp's Brotherhood竞争的组织。

翻译：

另外，porters特有的隔离帮助了兄弟会。Porters分散在这个国家里，睡在黑人社区的集体宿舍里，这种与世隔绝的生活有助于保护工会的内部交流不受干扰。（另一方面），porters是个同质的群体，以单一的劳动力政策受雇于单个的雇主，因而各个城市porter都有着同样的不幸，这一点也加强了兄弟会的基础，并激发了民族认同与民族团结

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-11-6 23:21:50编辑过]

wwwhahchn

谢谢！！

但是，原文说的是the union that Pullman itself had formed weakened support among Black workers for Randolp's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters，答案为什么说Some porters support the Pullman Company’s own union？

mage

hehe，mm想想一共就那么些工人，Pullman Company 自己有个工会，如果有的黑人加入Pullman Company 自己的工会的话，那么加入Randolp's Brotherhood的黑人不就少了？说白了就是两个组织抢会员

wwwhahchn

谢谢mega！！总是不开窍，这下终于明白了，呵呵

jzchina

But it was only in the early 1930's that federal legislation prohibiting a company from maintaining its own unions with company money eventually allowed the Brotherhood to become recognized as the porters' representative.

这句话是否暗示: 联邦宪法承认兄弟会成为搬运工的代表时（early 1930's)，兄弟会使用自己的钱维持运作，而没有使用公司的钱？

wangyu73cn

30年代早期，法律开始禁止公司拿自己的钱来拥有自己的工会。（否则，工会就成为公司的傀儡了）。

而brotherhood是和公司相对立的，自然不使用公司的钱，但是这在文章里没有表明。也许兄弟会还从公司里拿了一点钱，但兄弟会仍能保持独立性。所以，楼上问的问题很奇怪，没有必要推论文章里没有明示的内容，何况题目中也没有考到啊。

另外，我觉得你说“联邦宪法承认兄弟会成为搬运工的代表”也不准确，允许、许可好些。

jzchina

感谢版主，我恰好想到这个奇怪的问题，所以想问一下。主要还是想看看自己的理解是否正确。

snowjing

以下是引用mage在2004-11-6 23:20:00的发言：

Randolf’s union没有依附于任何公司，相对于Pullman公司内部的union来说是个独立的组织，因此这里的independent entity 就是指Brotherhood，the Pullman Company union是与Randolp's Brotherhood竞争的组织。

翻译：

另外，porters特有的隔离帮助了兄弟会。Porters分散在这个国家里，睡在黑人社区的集体宿舍里，这种与世隔绝的生活有助于保护工会的内部交流不受干扰。（另一方面），porters是个同质的群体，以单一的劳动力政策受雇于单个的雇主，因而各个城市porter都有着同样的不幸，这一点也加强了兄弟会的基础，并激发了民族认同与民族团结

跟个贴:

答案没问题, 但对OG有关110的解释有点不明:

110. The passage suggests that if the grievances of porters in one part of the United States had been different from those of porters in another part of the country, which of the following would have been the case?

(A) It would have been more difficult for the Pullman Company to have had a single labor policy.

(B) It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to control its channels of

communication.

(C) It would have been more difficult for the Brotherhood to uild its membership.

(D) It would have been easier for the Pullman Company’s union to attract membership.

(E) It would have been easier for the Brotherhood to threaten strikes.

The best answer is C. The passage indicated that it was an advantage to Randolph in building the Brotherhood’s membership that Black workers shared “the same grievances from city to city” (lines 32-33), suggesting that it would have been more difficult to build the membership of the Brotherhood if Black workers in different parts of the country had had different grievances. There is no information in the passage to support A, B, D, and E.

原文不是说Porters的grievances吗? 怎么会是Black workers的呢?

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-10-30 1:37:37编辑过]

snowjing

自己顶一下!