寻求全面的with的用法

wxtttt

今天刚好在纠结 with的用法

看到RON在讨论OG13 90 (OG12 86) 的DE选项说到过：

The results of the company’s cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the fi rst 3 months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
(A) which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell
(B) which had increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it had fallen
(C) which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(D) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(E) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen


“in general, “COMMA + prep phrase modifier" is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entirety of the preceding clause.
in this sentence, we don't want an adverbial modifier, since it doesn't make any sense for this modifier to apply to the entire preceding clause.

rather, we want a modifier that will only modify the noun at the end of the preceding clause (i.e., "profits"). since this is the exact function of a "which" modifier, that's the modifier we want here.“

然后在E-GMAT forum上看到说COMMA + WITH是可以修饰前面的名词的:

“Now let’s talk about the comma + with modifiers. So here we are talking about prepositional phrases. “with” modifiers are very versatile modifiers. They can modify either the preceding clause or the preceding nouns. What they modify actually depends on the context of the sentence and the wording of the modifier itself.


Bihar is India's poorest state, with an annual per capita income of $111.


In this sentence, with modifier actually modifies the preceding noun. With modifier in this sentence has the following sense. Notice how “which has” can be understood to replace “with”.
India’s poorest state, which has an annual per capita income of $111


However, this modifier can be understood to modify the subject of the clause as well because of the nature of the verb - is. This is a linking verb, which establishes the following relationship:
Bihar = India’s poorest state.”


那么修饰前面的名词的条件是当动词为系动词的时候？（其实跟V-ING修饰主语时的用法一样了）
ANYWAY，感谢DUKB24把总结分享出来，受益匪浅

DUKB24

perhaps

I not quite sure about your conclusion


just be cautious when encountering with


analyse the “with” example in OG and prep， you will get crystally clear

lunvs

DU大哥总结的很好，楼主列的两个例子正好是我晚上纠结的两个例子。
关于例子1，with the result that，with是对前面整句修饰（就是普通的介词表伴随不是独立主格结构），而例子2中D选项是对Dutch economy修饰，所以prep说逻辑主语不符。
关于第二个问题，with表伴随的独立主格结构应该不可以使用，完成时动作已完成，不可以伴随

lunvs

GWD-29-Q15
In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going to the United States.

A.with nearly 90,000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going
B.with the sale of nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it that goes
C.with the sale to foreign markets of nearly 90,000 tons a year, with almost half of it going
D.selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, and almost half of it goes
E.selling nearly 90,000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going
答案选e
主句是完成时，不是不能伴随么？prep里说伴随分为伴随过程和伴随结果。但都属于伴随，如果被修饰的句子是完成时，则是已经完成了的，不能再被伴随。
那这个selling在这里是什么意思呢？
-- by 会员 miss绿光 (2011/10/9 19:03:32)

借用另一个帖子。这里第一个with是介词表原因修饰前面整句，第二个with是独立主格结构，对第二句的伴随（这里为什么可以对它伴随不清楚）

lunvs

另外，还有一点，不要把with的独立主格结构和with的复合结构混淆，with的复合结构可以做状语、定语，作定语时可以理解为独立主格结构

sisichen666

LS的亲来挖坟啦。。嘻嘻。。谢谢又讲了一遍呦~~~

lunvs

你已经考了呗？

九尾

vote for LS的第一个观点。。。第二个观点真心看不懂

关于第一个例子：


我看不出是同位语从句。。。
这里with的用法就是adverbial modifier：
1.In this sentence "that" acts as the marker for the dependent clause.
2.the phrasewith the result that the act of stinging causes the bee to sustain a fatal injuryserves as an adverb modifying the preceding clause.




second example：


I don't think that the use of with  is illegal here（it is fine）


the split between D and E is the economy vs economies

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/9/10 8:21:42)
但是我觉得D E的economy和economies问题不大啊

九尾

Aeoluseros对D的看法：
首先D最大的错误仅进在于后面with引导的伴随状语的逻辑主语Dutch economy错误，其次：
个人认为用the economy of Britain, France, and Germany和the economies of Britain, France and Germany都是可以的。
在GMAT中曾经有一题提到过类似用法，用的是单数:
A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man.
说明单数和复数的搭配并没有问题。
而本题后半句the unemployment rate has remained well below that of the other three countries中后面没有用unemployment rates，按照规则比较结构中单复数不一致、时态不一致都是要重新补出的，但是这里用了that，说明后面用的是单数。并且GMAT不会那么荒谬地认为那三个国家公用一个unemployment rate，所以说明仅使用that即已可以表达出三个国家各自的增长率。
而且在日常英语(非GMAT语境)中the economy of Britain, France and Germany和the economies of Britain, France and Germany都是可以的，类似的有birds have four-chambered hearts和birds have a four-chambered heart都对，因为根据常识不会有歧义。

dszdspc

真是救命贴