呵呵,很有趣的语法现象.正好我的一个朋友前段时间对这个现象做过研究,以下是他在Randolph Quirk的<当代英语语法>中查到的依据,供您参考. 在主语和主语补语之间及直接宾语和宾语补语之间,通常存在数的一致(但不存在人称的一致): 1)My child is an angel. I consider my child an angel. 2)My children are angels. I consider my children angels. 由于这两种补语的语义作用,上述这种一致是很自然的,但是,也有例外: 3)My only hope for the future is my children.(也可用are) 4)More nurses is the next item on the agenda.(也可用are) 5)Their principal crop is potatoes 6)That man is nuts. 7)Good manners are a rarity these days.(也可用is) 8)The younger children are a problem. 9)The next few bars are pure Tchaikovsky.(也可用is) 10)Dogs are good company. 例3)中的补语看来也许精简了暗含的介词:My only hope for the future is in my children.4)中的主语同样可以作为简略形式来分析(有点像“the question of more nurses”)或者也许可以作为标题来对待。在例5)中,主语补语是个类属名词短语。这种名词短语同样也可以是单数:Their principal crop is the potato。例6)--例10)都有一种在形式上是名词,而在描述功能上更接近于形容词的主语补语。这种补语常常没有相对的单、复数两种形式;例如不说The houses are bricks,而只说The houses are brick. [注]: a)正如主语和补语可以相互转换这一点表明的,例3)、例4)和例5)中的补语是定述性的:My children are my only hope for the future; The next item on the agenda is more nurses; Potatoes are their principal crop. b)宾语what前移的假拟分裂结构可以用复数的主语补语 11)What we need most is books. 但是what的数是两可的,往往被解释成可以和“the thing that”等同,也可以和“the things that”等同,所以我们还见到作主语的what分句与复数动词连用的现象: 12)What we need most are books 对于在what分句中的动词和与分句有一致关系的动词,有的规范教学法要求两个都用单数: 13)What is needed most is books. 当what引导的分句作主语补语时,我们也见到用单数动词的形象。但是,对于这种违反一致规则的现象,有人是反对的: 14)* Books is what we need most/what is needed most.(注:* 表示倾向于不能接受,但并非完全不能接受;之前的“?”表示讲本族语的人不能肯定其可接受性) c)用了be all ears, be all elbows, be all fingers and thumbs这类成语以后,如果主语是单数,主语和补语就不存在一致问题。例如:I'm all ears.(“I'm listening with all my attention.”)
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