关于逻辑的几道问题，求高人指点啊~~

lilyheart12

今天开始做新G阅读逻辑十套，有几个问题。。
4. A thorough search of Edgar Allan Poe’s correspon-dence has turned up not a single letter in which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. On the basis of this evidence it is safe to say that Poe’s reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue.

Which of the following is assumed by the argument above？

（A） Reports claiming that Poe was addicted to mor-phine did not begin to circulate until after his death.

（B） None of the reports of Poe’s supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actu-ally knew Poe.

（C） Poe’s income from writing would not have been sufficient to support a morphine addiction.

（D） Poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine.

（E） Fear of the consequences would not have pre-vented Poe from indicating in his correspon-dence that he was addicted to morphine.
我选的是D答案选E。我的理解是如果POE服用了吗啡那么他就不可能写出这个信，所以他认为他自己上瘾是错误的。E选项的意思我理解的是“害怕产生的结果将不会阻止他在心中表示他对吗啡上瘾”怎么感觉解释不通啊。。

10.Sleep deprivation is a known cause of workplace error， and many physicians frequently go without sleep for periods of 24 hours or more. However， few of these physicians have， in the course of a routine examination by a peer， been diagnosed with sleep deprivation.So there is little cause for concern that habitual sleep deprivation will cause widespread physician error.
The answer to which of the following questions would be most helpful in evaluating the argument?
(A)Do physicians who have been diagnosed with sleep disorders also show signs of other ills not related to sleep deprivation?(B)Is the ability to recognize the symptoms of sleep deprivation in others significantly impaired by habitual sleep deprivation?(C)Do factors other than habitual sleep deprivation ever lead to errors in the workplace on the part of physicians?
(D)Of people who have recently been treated by physicians， what percentage believe that many physicians have occasionally suffered from sleepdeprivation?(
E)Is the incidence of sleep deprivation higher among physicians than it is among other health care workers?
答案选B。这题不明白为什么选B，自己也没有选出答案来。这种提问题的题也不懂怎么做。。T T
13.Excluding purchases by businesses， the average amount spent on a factory-new car has risen 30 per-cent in the last five years. In the average household budget， the proportion spent on car purchases has remained unchanged in that period. Therefore the average household budget must have increased by 30 percent over the last five years.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?
(A)The average number of factory-new cars pur-chased per household has remained unchanged over the last five years.
(B)The average amount spent per car by businesses buying factory-new cars has risen 30 percent in the last five years.
(C)The proportion of the average household budget spent on all car-related expenses has remained unchanged over the last five years.
(D)The proportion of the average household budget spent on food and housing has remained unchanged over the last five years.
(E)The total amount spent nationwide on factory-new cars has increased by 30 percent over the last five years
这题选A，意思没理解翻译过来是“每个家庭买的车的数目在过去几年中没变“吗？为什么我觉得应该是家用车在所有车的比例没有变啊。。没太搞懂这题的逻辑。。

求大牛们帮忙啊。。好捉急。。再次谢过了。。

misnomer

第一个题：题目说：基于这个证据可以推断出这个人没有吸毒。题目问的是这个结论基于哪种假设。那么就看第一句说的是什么：一个全面的调查发现这个人没有在信中提到吸毒的事情。结论是这个人没有吸毒。那么假设就是：只要这个人不在信中说吸毒，那么就是没吸毒。 E选项就是这个意思的逆否命题：只要他吸了毒他就不怕在信中说。

misnomer

第二题：睡眠不足会导致工作错误，很多医生连续工作24小时。但是很少有医生被他们的同事检查出睡眠不足。所以睡眠不足不会引起医生的误诊。问的是下列问题中，哪个问题的答案可以帮助判断这个结论的可靠性。 首先：看这个结论的前提假设是什么： 如果一个医生没有被他的同事检查出睡眠不足，那么就没有睡眠不足。  为了证明这个假设是否可靠，我们需要知道，这个医生的同事会不会因为睡眠不足而误诊。B说的就是这个意思。

misnomer

第三题： 购买新车的花费增长了30%， 在一个家庭的总支出中，购买车的钱在总支出中的比例没有变，结论：家庭的总支出提高了30%。问基于哪种假设。先不看选项，其实这个假设就是买车的总数没有增加。A选项说得就是这个意思。

lilyheart12

明白了~~谢谢~~~