备战GMAT日记附复习材料

lempicka0701

本人汇总的OG13的SC正确句子和杨鹏的阅读难句在 http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-744232-1-1.html

本人已在加拿大，正在纠结BMA...写GMAT备战日记就是想自我激励。凡看过的材料我都会加以整理并上传，很多都是在CD上的材料看完后我自己加以总结。因为我发现CD上的复习材料琳琅满目有点应接不暇，想把所有材料都看完是不可能，所以每一个阶段的复习一定要自己定制。现已把杨鹏的GRE、GMAT的阅读难句攻克成功。OG13在手。看众多前辈的帖子发现首先要着重SC！关于单词我本人喜欢在阅读文章时顺便把单词背了。如果要巩固单词建议在手机上下载新东方单词、别忘单词等有list和小测验的。



今天先发杨鹏阅读难句中的69道GMAT难句。


001. Civil right activists have long argued that one of principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.


002. Fascination with this ideal has made Americans defy the "Old World" categories of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a "status quo" defended or attacked.


003. The nonstarters we're considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered "starting lines".


004. "Reform" in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, "a piece of the action", as it were, for the disenfranchised.


005. We have no pride in our growing interdependence, in the fact that our system can serve others, that we are able to help those in need; empty boasts from the past make us ashamed of our present achievements, make us try to forget or deny them, move away from them.


006. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents.


007. This view may be correct: it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.


008. The enclosed seas are important feature of the earth's surface and seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs, there are number of older ones of possibly similar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps the North sea.


009. Furthermore, neutrinos carry with them information about the site and circumstances of their production: therefore, the detection of cosmic neutrinos could provide new information about a wide variety of cosmic phenomena and about the history of the universe.


010. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market.


011. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both "normal" and having a valuable economic function.


012. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires.


013. The each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors' charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.


014. Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of nonsocialist countries other than the United States.


015. Snyder, Daly, and Bruns have recently proposed that caffeine affects behavior by countering the activity in the human brain of a naturally occurring chemical called adenosine.


016. To buttress their case that caffeine acts instead by preventing adenosine binding, Snyder et al compared the stimulatory effects of a series of caffeine derivatives with their ability to dislodge adenosine from its receptors in the brains of mice.


017. The problem is that the compound has mixed effects in the brain, a not unusual occurrence with psychoactive drugs.


018. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professional archeologist who excavated it?


019. Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises.


020. Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting lager, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.


021. MESBIC's are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amount of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.


023. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.


024. But the debate could not be resolved because no one was able to ask the crucial questions in a form in which they could be pursued productively.


024. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the "useful" child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the "useless" child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, it's parents, is yet considered emotionally "priceless".


025. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid 1800's, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo.


026. "Expulsion of children from the 'cash nexus'... although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures," Zelizer maintains, was also part of a cultural process of 'sacralization' of children's lives."


027. Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.


028. The factors favoring unionization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy.


029. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources.


030. Since large bees are not affected by the spraying of Matacil, these results add weight to the argument that spraying where the pollinators are sensitive to the pesticide used decreases plant fecundity.


031. The question of wether the decrease in plant fecundity caused by the spraying of pesticides actually causes a decline in the overall population of flowering plant species still remains unanswered.


032. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English—they would rather have stayed home—by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity.


033. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad— the United States company's products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.


034. In addition many ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.


035. In such a context, what is recognized as "dependency" in Western psychiatric term is not, in Korean terms, an admission of weakness or failure.


036. And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.


037. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner's spell.


038. In addition, the ideal of six CEO's (female or male) serving on the board of each of the largest corporations is realizable only if every CEO serves on six board.


039. Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity between the indigenous population of America in 1492—new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately on-sixth of the human race at that time—and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century.


040. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless.


041. The evidence provided by the documents of British and French colonies is not as definitive because the conquerors of those areas did not establish permanent settlements and begin to keep continuous records until the seventeenth century, by which time the worst epidemics had probably already taken place.


042. Unfortunately, the documentation of these and other epidemics is slight and frequently unreliable, and it is necessary to supplement what little we do know with evidence from recent epidemics among Native Americans.


043. Scientists have begun to suspect that this intergalactic gas is probably a mixture of gases left over from the "big bang" when the galaxies were formed and gas forced out of galaxies by supernova explosions.


044. He noted that the wavelengths of the radiation emitted by a gas would change as the gas cooled, so that as the gas flowed into the galaxy and became cooler, it would emit not x-rays, but visible light, like that which was captured in the photographs.


045. Transported outsides the nucleus to the cytoplasm, the mRNA is translated into the protein it encodes by an organelle known as a ribosome, which strings together amino acids in the order specified by the sequence of elements in the mRNA molecule.


046. However, recent investigations have shown that the concentrations of most mRNA's correlate best, not with their synthesis rate, but rather with equally variable rates at which cells degrade the different mRNA's in their cytoplasm.


047. If a cell degrades both a rapidly and a slowly synthesized mRNA slowly, both mRNA's will accumulate to high levels.


048. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently.


049. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs.


050. Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stockers of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.


051. In recent studies, however, we have discovered that the production and release in brain neurons of the neurotransmitter serotonin (neurotransmitters are compounds that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells) depend directly on the food that the body processes.


052. Our first studies sought to determine whether the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acid tryptophan levels in the blood.


053. The consumption of protein increases blood concentration of the other amino acids much more, proportionately, than it does that of tryptophan.


054. This revisionist view of Jim Crow legislation grew in part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP legal campaign during its preparation for Brown v. Board of Education.


055. Woodward confessed with ironic modesty that the first edition "had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in a history of the American Revolution published in1776."


056. Yet, like Paine, Woodward had an unerring sense of the revolutionary moment, and of how historical evidence could undermine the mythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new social possibilities.


057. Joseph Glarthaar's Forged in Battle is not the first excellent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers' letters and diaries—including rare material from Black soldiers—and concentrates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of it's predecessors.


058. While perhaps true of those officers who joined Black units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this statement misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionists who became officers in Black regiments.


059. Moreover, arguments pointing out the extent of both structural and functional differences between eukaryotes and true bacteria convinced many biologists that the precursors of the eukaryotes must have diverged from the common ancestor before the bacteria arose.


060. New techniques for determining the molecular sequence of the RNA of organisms have produced evolutionary information about the degree to which organisms are related, the time since they diverged from a common ancestor, and the reconstruction of ancestral versions of genes.


061. These techniques have strongly suggested that although the true bacteria indeed form a large coherent group, certain other bacteria, the archaebacteria, which are also prokaryotes and which resemble true bacteria, represent a distinct evolutionary branch that far antedates the common ancestor of all true bacteria.


062. The new tax law allowed corporations to deduct the cost of the product donated plus half the difference between cost and fair market selling price, with the proviso that deductions cannot exceed twice cost.


063. Unfortunately, emancipation has been less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.


064. To explain this unfinished revolution in the status of women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the way a prevailing definition of femininity often detainees the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such allocation is inappropriate to new conditions.


065. For instance, early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women's employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereotypes associated with the homemaking activities they presumed to have been the purview of women.


066. More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry.


067. According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth.


068. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized.


069. In order for the far-ranging benefits of individual ownership to be achieved by owners, companies, and countries, employees and other individuals must make their own decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their own resources to the choice.

lempicka0701

今天第二部分是关于白勇语法总结，是在原有的CD材料上加以简洁化。

第一部分 GMAT原理

1. There be句型仅用于某处有某物，某物指一具体名词，而不是抽象名词。

2. 表示能力由强至弱：can do, be able to do, has ability to do, has a capability to do.

3. （1）which/it 决不能指代前面整个句子。

   （2）because不引导名词性从句。

   （3）绝大多数情况下引导宾语从句的that不省略。

   （4）if不可以引导名词性从句，表“是否”只能用whether作引导。

   （5）只用that对不作为介词宾语的事物作限定修饰，which仅用于引导对介词宾语进行修饰的限定性从句和引导非限定性从句。

4. 如require, demand表示“建议、命令”的词后的that从句要用动词原词，不加should。

5. (1) such…that...中such只修饰具体名词，不修饰如rapidity, severity等抽象名词。

   (2)不能单独用this, these指代句子里先前出现的单复数名词，要用其它人称代词或重复前面出现的名词或改变句子结构来指代。

6. 在标准书面语中，that不能单独当主语。that也不能单独指代单数或不可数名词，用that of+n指代或其他表达方式。

7. 举例用such as结构。like只能表示比较。

8.主动优先原则，即主动态优先于被动态。

9. being+n/adj., as being+n/adj./ving，one's being done都为错误表达方式。

10. 一律用do so对动宾结构进行替换。do it/this/that/these/those为错误表达方式。

11. on account of, because of, despite, in despite of, as a result of+简单的名词短语。用because， although连词连接动名词、名词所有格+动名词短语即sb's doing、或用复杂的现在分词修饰的名词短语。

12. (1) n that is/are adj.必须换为adj.+n

     (2)表示谓语部分，尤其是表示实意动词，直接用其动词形式表示。be a cause用cause替代，be suggestive of用suggest替代。

     (3)no替代not any，what替代that which，限定词done替代having been done，whether替代whether or not。

13. 平行结构最后一个成分前必定有一个连词and, or, neither, nor, as well as。

14. 选项中有rather than 一定优先于有instead of的选项。

15. 题中划线部分有情态动词，正确答案中必须有此情态动词或类似语气。划线部分若没有，答案中也没有。

lempicka0701

昨天开始看OG13的SC，计划第一遍是28道/天，5天看完。
以下是1-28道的正确的句子的汇总。大概这周五就把所有的SC正确句子汇总完。


1. In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously

2. Manufacturers rate batteries in watt-hours; if the higher the watt-hour rating, the longer the battery can be excepted to last.



3. Although a surge in retail sales has raised hopes that a recovery is finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.



4. At the end of 1930s, Duke Ellington was looking for a composer to assist him-——someone who could not only arrange music for his successful big band, but also mirror his eccentric writing style in order to finish the many pieces he had started but never completed.



5. Of all the vast tides of migration  that have swept through history, perhaps none was more concentrated than the wave that brought 12 million immigrants onto American shores in little more than three decades.



6. Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.



7. The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye.



8. In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls.



9. In 1979 lack of rain reduced India's rice production to about 41 million tons, nearly 25 percent less than the 1978 harvest.



10. The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.



11. Like the Brontes and Brownings, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are often  subjected to kind of veneration that blurs the distinction between the artist and human being.



12. Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network that keeps the brain from getting too hot.



13. There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them in the wall in mud mortar.



14. Rising inventories, if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead to production cutbacks that would hamper economic growth.



15. Many experts regarded the large increase in credit card borrowing in March not as a sign that households were pressed for cash and forced to borrow, but as a sign that households were confident they could safely handle new debt.



16. A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought.



17. Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strange electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator.



18. Warning that computers in the United States are not secure, the National Academy of Sciences has urged the nation to revamp computer security procedures, institute new emergency response teams, and create a special nongovernment organization to take charge of computer security planning.



19. The exploits of Nellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, included circling the globe faster than Jules Verne's fictional Phileas Fogg.



20. Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending foe the previous quarter.



21. The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word "natural" to foods that do not contain colour or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized.



22. Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to energy-rich sugars.



23. The Iroquois were primarily planters, although they supplemented their cultivation of maize, squash, and beans with fishing and hunting.



24. Unlike the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that cause intense pain.



25. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.



26. Tropical bats play important roles in the rain forest ecosystem, aiding in the dispersal of cashew, date, and fig seeds; pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly helping to produce tequila by pollinating agave plants.



27. None of the attempts to specify the causes of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed do.



28. In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism's attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant.

lempicka0701

前天看29-56题，昨天看57-84题。今天看85-112题。

29. Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886, outnumber her letters to anyone else.



30. Paleontologists believe that fragments of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings.



31. Even though many of her colleagues were convinced that genes were relatively simple and static, Barbara McClintock adhered to her own more complicated ideas about how genes might operate, and in 1983, at age of 81, was awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery that the genes in corn are capable of moving from one chromosomal site to another.



32. Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land.



33. Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent prices plunging, the manufacturer has announced that it will cut production by closing its factories for two days a month.



34. Beyond the immediate cash flow crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on whether it can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.



35. By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were dangerously experimental design.



36. Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem to indicate that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.



37. Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.



38. Bengal-born writer, philosopher, and educated Rabindranath Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also skeptical of Gandhi's form of nationalism and his conservative opinions about India's cultural traditions.



39. Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries.



40. The organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.



41. In 1850, Lucretia Mott published her discourse on Women, a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women and for changes in the married women's property laws.



42. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.



43. Laos has a land area comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.



44. The plot of the Bostonians centres on the rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, and Basil Ransom, her charming and cynical cousin, when they find themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose talent for public speaking has won her ardent following.



45. Quasars, at billions of light-years from Earth the most distant observable objects in the universe, are believed to be the cores of galaxies in an early stage of development.



46. In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisan's creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined.



47. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literacy critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.



48. Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America's Lake Superior.



49. The automotive conveyor-belt system, which Henry Ford modeled after an seemly-line technique introduced by Ransom Olds, reduced the time required to assemble a Model T from a day and a half to 93 minutes.



50. According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.



51. A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk that it hampers the ability of some  children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make sense if speech.



52. Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home, and she remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an intelligence agent for the Resistance.



53. The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on heat and Light," a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that DAvy hoped to found.



54. The report recommended that the hospital eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensive services, and use space in other hospitals.



55. Many house builders offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later.



56. Elizabeth Barber, the author of both Prehistoric Textiles, a comprehensive work on cloth in the early cultures of the Mediterranean, and Women's Work, a more general account of early cloth manufacture, is an authority on textiles in ancient societies.

lempicka0701

今天把OG13的SC都看完了。第一遍算是结束了。这周尽快把正确句子打出来。

lempicka0701

汇总的SC正确句子我放在论坛上了。http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-744232-1-1.html

stephysit

thx