请教feifei-24

sunshining

24.The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.

Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.

(B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown.

(C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.

(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.

(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.

答案是E，可是D为什么不对？

说male cat中那些死于disease X的 都是nuclei跟female cat一般的大的，所以作者说nuclei的大小决定X病

那D反驳，说即使那些没得X病的male cat中，也有neclei大的啊，他们nuclei大，但是没得X啊，所以不是反驳了作者的结论吗？

搞不懂。请教，哪位大侠能讲讲？

lawyer_1

D错在它的大小的比较在MALE内部，而原文的比较在MALE 和FEMALE之间。所以偷换了概念。E直接否定 interstitial nucleus和X病的联系，当然就不存在大小决定是否得病的问题了

paopao

lawyer真是感觉在读逻辑时要仔细

题干读得马马虎虎革经常会钻进套子里

lawyer_1

对于逻辑题，在条件允许的情况下，原文读多细都是不过分的。不像阅读，你能CAPTURE整个文章结构和大意即可做题。逻辑是绝对不允许的。

sunshining

The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.

斑竹，怎么偷换概念了呢？原文说，male的比female的小，又说， 得X病的male和female一样大。那不就是得X病的male比一般的male大吗？所以作者说 the size ....determines whether or not male cats can contract X.

那D反驳，说即使那些没得X病的male cat中，也有neclei大的啊，他们nuclei大，但是没得X啊，所以不是反驳了作者的结论吗？

我觉得是个weaken,

不过题目要选most seriously weaken， 所以比较下来，还是E跟weaken的直接些

lawyer_1

原文为从MALE的 interstitial nucleus大小可知是否得该病。提出两个证据：一是一般MALE的 interstitial nucleus比FEMALE小，得这种病后和FEMAL一样大。很显然结论的大小是和FEMALE比，不然如何定义大小。如何算大，如何算小。如何算怎样的大就得病，如何算怎样的小就不得病。D说的其实什麽都没说，因为任何东西都有比平均大的，也有比平均小的。

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-17 4:00:42编辑过]

sunshining

原文为从MALE的 interstitial nucleus大小可知是否得该病。提出两个证据：一是一般MALE的 interstitial nucleus比FEMALE小，得这种病后和FEMAL一样大。很显然结论的大小是和FEMALE比，不然如何定义大小。如何算大，如何算小。如何算怎样的大就得病，如何算怎样的小就不得病。D说的其实什麽都没说，因为任何东西都有比平均大的，也有比平均小的。

这句话说的很精辟啊！

bobomomo

en 是象LAWYER 说的那样子的啊 ！这T 就是lawyer 在WEAKEN T 中分类的因果型结论，答案直接割断因果关系的吧！

真是愚蠢 ，刚才看到D 就觉得一定是答案 -以为是给个事实割断因果联系！扫了眼E ，看到了个Y 病， 就以为那是无关，连多看一眼都没看！好笨啊！

排除A和C 都是因为在说FEMALE 的，和结论MALE 的没关系！ B 是因为有病Z ，还不知道原因！

LAWYER ：这种思路对吗！

lawyer_1

因果型结论是某件事产生或导致另一件事，从而解释了另一件事为何会产生。原文结论意思是某某的大小决定了猫是否得病。所以不是因果型结论

paopao

为何不是因果啊

如果理解为大小导致得病 也是可以啊