Helr GMAT题库 周周练 Helr-SC-002 (答案和解析已放出)

babybearmm

Helr-SC-2

Though they might be viewed as a form of deprivation, little more than a joint a day for regular users could have the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence that is engaged in by soda drinkers.
A. Though they might be viewed as a form of deprivation, little more than a joint a day for regular users could have the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence that is engaged in by soda drinkers.
B. As for regular users, little more than a joint a day may be viewed as a form of deprivation but leading soda drinkers engaged in the same kind of compensatory.
C. Though regular users may view little more than a joint a day as a form of deprivation, the deprivation itself can lead the soda drinkers to engage in the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence.
D. Little more than a joint a day for regular users, though, might be viewed as a form of deprivation, which could lead to the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence engaged in by soda drinkers.
E. Little more than a joint a day for regular users, though, may be viewed a form of deprivation, leading the soda drinkers to be engaged in the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence.

-- by 会员 GMAT (2012/6/28 10:44:01)

改一下我的答案，选(D)


之前我都以为(D)里面的which指代的是"deprivation"，跟C一样改变了句意。刚突然想，G老师这题，如果把which理解为指代"a form of deprivation"，那么逻辑上就完全符合原意了。


">1 j a day" = "a form of deprivation" = which could lead to the same kind of OI effect


所以我觉得该选(D).


不过，如果(D)真的是正确答案的话，窃以为这道题出得不好，因为不GMAT-like.
Ron大神总结过关于"comma+which"的指代:
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/post31162.html



the gmat tends to write sentences in which "which" stands for the ELIGIBLE noun that's closest to the comma.
by "eligible", i mean that the noun has to AGREE IN TERMS OF SINGULAR/PLURAL with the FOLLOWING VERB.

here's an example:

the box of nails, which is on the counter, is to be used on this project.

in this case, "which" CANNOT refer to "nails", since the verb "is" is singular. therefore, the nearest eligible noun is "box (of nails)". so, "which" unambiguously stands for that.

in our observation, the gmat has been VERY good about this.
whenever i've seen a "which" that refers to "X + preposition + Y" rather than just Y, it has ALWAYS been the case that X was singular and Y was plural (or X was plural and Y was singular), and the verb had a form that matched X and didn't match Y.




这题(D)选项：... might be viewed as a form of deprivation, which could lead to ...
"nearest eligible noun" is deprivation, so, technically speaking, "which" should refer to "deprivation", a reference that is illogical.


看这个prep题目
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/for-the-first-time-t4359.html?sid=33b6bbaaabe6801e96b979d081e63109


For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago.

A. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
B. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
C. and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
D. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
E. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters



OA: D


选项(A)错误的理由，正是那个which: 照A那么写，which只能指代"California"，而不能指代"a minority in California". 而当which指代"California"的时候，不合逻辑。


所以我觉得，假如这题答案真的是(D)的话，用which来指代"a form of deprivation"也不符合GMAT思路。如果答案不是(D)，那我觉得没答案了-_-

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/29 15:51:40)

我在这里先回复一下这个问题吧，关于“which”的指代问题。我对Manhattan的说法并不认同，这个“which”，其实根本不存在所谓的“五种情况跳跃修饰”（manhattan书上写的，貌似是5个，不太记得了）。 GMAT，也从来没对于“which”的修饰作出规定。一切都是从推理角度出发的。但是这个词说的很好----“eligible”。 which，所需要知道的只是，“合适的就近修饰”。


我对GMAT的理解是： 没有像不像GMAT，只有和GMAT推理思路是否一致。形式上和GMAT一样很容易，但是OG，Prep，GWD，形式都不相同。 已经有无数的GMAT语法点（比如，修饰法律只能用ving）被不攻自破了，因为GMAT不考察语法点的记忆。希望我没有剧透这个题目哈~~

-- by 会员 glhelr (2012/6/29 23:12:11)

我是觉得Ron总结的那个规律是有内在的道理的——to avoid potential ambiguity.
ambiguity影响effective expression. 所以这是符合GMAT的本质的，是“灵魂”的体现，而不仅仅是“外衣”。
"修饰法律只能用ving"这我本来就不认同，这属于“外衣”，不属于“灵魂”，GMAT这老头换件马夹还不容易么？


之所以说有potential ambiguity，就是
a form of deprivation, which ...
假如说which既能指代deprivation，也能指代"a form of deprivation" (即">1 j a day")，那这个句子的表达就是有歧异的。
所以才是说GMAT一贯遵循which refers to the NEAREST ELIGIBLE noun.


至于eligible，我觉得，一个是Ron说的，单复数上面体现；还有些情况是relative pronoun的问题，比如
OG12 #26
Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written ...
这里which不能指代"Susan Huntington Dickinson"，因为
1. 单数不能用were
2. 人不能用which
所以毫无歧异指代letters.

babybearmm

btw. 这题如果我来写正确答案的话：

Although viewed as a form of deprivation, little more than a joint a day for regular users could have the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence that is engaged by soda drinkers.

--
对了，我去掉了"that is engaged in"后面的in. 其实我不知道为什么要加in...所以希望没改变原意。
因为语法上prep后必须接上名词不能悬挂。这点Ron和一些instructors都讲过。

INCORRECT: The man you laughed at ...  
CORRECT: The man at whom you laughed ...


INCORRECT: The book, which I refer to, ...
CORRECT: The book, to which I refer, ...

Incorrect versions在口语中经常出现，但是在书面语里不允许.

参考题目verbal review 2nd #20.
还有这个http://www.beatthegmat.com/speed-limit-long-one-t65314.html(B)项的"the speed limit continues to be fought over in our legislatures and on our freeways" is stylistically flawed.

从另一个角度说，G老师这道题"that is engaged in by soda drinkers"这里in和by串联也算错。
The official explanation also cites "a pile-up of prepositions" in "to be fought over in".


From Mitch (an instructor)

A preposition generally should be followed by an object:

Awkward: the movie that everyone is talking about. (No object follows the prepositionabout.)
Better: the movie about which everyone is talking. (Which is the object of the prepositionabout.)

I would be skeptical of an answer choice that offers a preposition not followed by a clear object -- especially when another answer choice avoids this issue and is free of errors. In B, over is not followed by an object; in E, over is directly followed by its object, the speed limit.

--
D, E里面的"though"的用法我还是觉得怪怪的，感觉这样不清楚哪部分和哪部分形成转折。不过只是感觉，我也不确定。可能是因为我没见过这样的正确句子吧，汗...
好吧，不蛊惑G老师泄密了，假如答案是D/E之一的话，我请求评点那个though，最好拿个正确的句子映证下。

cursedeye

这里两逗号中的tho 你就忽视就好了。。。用法相当于聊天时的表情。。。

glhelr

Helr-SC-2

Though they might be viewed as a form of deprivation, little more than a joint a day for regular users could have the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence that is engaged in by soda drinkers.
A. Though they might be viewed as a form of deprivation, little more than a joint a day for regular users could have the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence that is engaged in by soda drinkers.
B. As for regular users, little more than a joint a day may be viewed as a form of deprivation but leading soda drinkers engaged in the same kind of compensatory.
C. Though regular users may view little more than a joint a day as a form of deprivation, the deprivation itself can lead the soda drinkers to engage in the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence.
D. Little more than a joint a day for regular users, though, might be viewed as a form of deprivation, which could lead to the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence engaged in by soda drinkers.
E. Little more than a joint a day for regular users, though, may be viewed a form of deprivation, leading the soda drinkers to be engaged in the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence.

-- by 会员 GMAT (2012/6/28 10:44:01)

改一下我的答案，选(D)


之前我都以为(D)里面的which指代的是"deprivation"，跟C一样改变了句意。刚突然想，G老师这题，如果把which理解为指代"a form of deprivation"，那么逻辑上就完全符合原意了。


">1 j a day" = "a form of deprivation" = which could lead to the same kind of OI effect


所以我觉得该选(D).


不过，如果(D)真的是正确答案的话，窃以为这道题出得不好，因为不GMAT-like.
Ron大神总结过关于"comma+which"的指代:
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/post31162.html



the gmat tends to write sentences in which "which" stands for the ELIGIBLE noun that's closest to the comma.
by "eligible", i mean that the noun has to AGREE IN TERMS OF SINGULAR/PLURAL with the FOLLOWING VERB.

here's an example:

the box of nails, which is on the counter, is to be used on this project.

in this case, "which" CANNOT refer to "nails", since the verb "is" is singular. therefore, the nearest eligible noun is "box (of nails)". so, "which" unambiguously stands for that.

in our observation, the gmat has been VERY good about this.
whenever i've seen a "which" that refers to "X + preposition + Y" rather than just Y, it has ALWAYS been the case that X was singular and Y was plural (or X was plural and Y was singular), and the verb had a form that matched X and didn't match Y.




这题(D)选项：... might be viewed as a form of deprivation, which could lead to ...
"nearest eligible noun" is deprivation, so, technically speaking, "which" should refer to "deprivation", a reference that is illogical.


看这个prep题目
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/for-the-first-time-t4359.html?sid=33b6bbaaabe6801e96b979d081e63109


For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago.

A. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago
B. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when it was nearly three-quarters
C. and that amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from a decade ago, when they were nearly three-quarters
D. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago
E. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from what it was a decade ago by nearly three-quarters



OA: D


选项(A)错误的理由，正是那个which: 照A那么写，which只能指代"California"，而不能指代"a minority in California". 而当which指代"California"的时候，不合逻辑。


所以我觉得，假如这题答案真的是(D)的话，用which来指代"a form of deprivation"也不符合GMAT思路。如果答案不是(D)，那我觉得没答案了-_-

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/29 15:51:40)

我在这里先回复一下这个问题吧，关于“which”的指代问题。我对Manhattan的说法并不认同，这个“which”，其实根本不存在所谓的“五种情况跳跃修饰”（manhattan书上写的，貌似是5个，不太记得了）。 GMAT，也从来没对于“which”的修饰作出规定。一切都是从推理角度出发的。但是这个词说的很好----“eligible”。 which，所需要知道的只是，“合适的就近修饰”。


我对GMAT的理解是： 没有像不像GMAT，只有和GMAT推理思路是否一致。形式上和GMAT一样很容易，但是OG，Prep，GWD，形式都不相同。 已经有无数的GMAT语法点（比如，修饰法律只能用ving）被不攻自破了，因为GMAT不考察语法点的记忆。希望我没有剧透这个题目哈~~

-- by 会员 glhelr (2012/6/29 23:12:11)

我是觉得Ron总结的那个规律是有内在的道理的——to avoid potential ambiguity.
ambiguity影响effective expression. 所以这是符合GMAT的本质的，是“灵魂”的体现，而不仅仅是“外衣”。
"修饰法律只能用ving"这我本来就不认同，这属于“外衣”，不属于“灵魂”，GMAT这老头换件马夹还不容易么？


之所以说有potential ambiguity，就是
a form of deprivation, which ...
假如说which既能指代deprivation，也能指代"a form of deprivation" (即">1 j a day")，那这个句子的表达就是有歧异的。
所以才是说GMAT一贯遵循which refers to the NEAREST ELIGIBLE noun.


至于eligible，我觉得，一个是Ron说的，单复数上面体现；还有些情况是relative pronoun的问题，比如
OG12 #26
Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written ...
这里which不能指代"Susan Huntington Dickinson"，因为
1. 单数不能用were
2. 人不能用which
所以毫无歧异指代letters.

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/30 2:52:25)

我认为，这里的which不存在歧义的问题。无论指代谁，这里都是deprivation的一个子类吧算，所以不存在推理上的问题。这样引起的歧义是可以忽略的。因为两者的意思相同。另外，我个人不是很同意“意思”的这个说法。意思，这个是外国人说的，就像我们看中文一样，他们不需要看意思就已经知道意思了。所以，原则来讲，很多选项的意思是一样的。我们之所以认为意思很重要，是因为我们把所有的错误都归结为意思不同，就一如我们以前归结为语法错误一样。所谓有效表达，我认为，是建立在推理关系正确的基础上，因为推理关系正确，其实已经是有效的表达了。另外，我很同意你对which本身的说法哈，很有指导意义~

glhelr

btw. 这题如果我来写正确答案的话：

Although viewed as a form of deprivation, little more than a joint a day for regular users could have the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence that is engaged by soda drinkers.

--
对了，我去掉了"that is engaged in"后面的in. 其实我不知道为什么要加in...所以希望没改变原意。
因为语法上prep后必须接上名词不能悬挂。这点Ron和一些instructors都讲过。

INCORRECT: The man you laughed at ...  
CORRECT: The man at whom you laughed ...


INCORRECT: The book, which I refer to, ...
CORRECT: The book, to which I refer, ...

Incorrect versions在口语中经常出现，但是在书面语里不允许.

参考题目verbal review 2nd #20.
还有这个http://www.beatthegmat.com/speed-limit-long-one-t65314.html(B)项的"the speed limit continues to be fought over in our legislatures and on our freeways" is stylistically flawed.

从另一个角度说，G老师这道题"that is engaged in by soda drinkers"这里in和by串联也算错。
The official explanation also cites "a pile-up of prepositions" in "to be fought over in".


From Mitch (an instructor)

A preposition generally should be followed by an object:

Awkward: the movie that everyone is talking about. (No object follows the prepositionabout.)
Better: the movie about which everyone is talking. (Which is the object of the prepositionabout.)

I would be skeptical of an answer choice that offers a preposition not followed by a clear object -- especially when another answer choice avoids this issue and is free of errors. In B, over is not followed by an object; in E, over is directly followed by its object, the speed limit.

--
D, E里面的"though"的用法我还是觉得怪怪的，感觉这样不清楚哪部分和哪部分形成转折。不过只是感觉，我也不确定。可能是因为我没见过这样的正确句子吧，汗...
好吧，不蛊惑G老师泄密了，假如答案是D/E之一的话，我请求评点那个though，最好拿个正确的句子映证下。

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/30 3:02:12)

恩，应baby姐的要求，我现在就点评一下那个though。 这个though，不表示在句子中连词形式的转折，表示一个插入语。 是little more than的一个修饰成分。意思好像，“每天尽管就多那么一点点也会被看成一种剥削”。 任何词汇，都可以作为插入语存在。不必要纠结于词汇的形式，因为两个逗号，已经表明了这是一个插入语。 上面那个engaged in 的问题，等正确答案公布时再公布哈~

babybearmm

btw. 这题如果我来写正确答案的话：

Although viewed as a form of deprivation, little more than a joint a day for regular users could have the same kind of compensatory over-indulgence that is engaged by soda drinkers.

--
对了，我去掉了"that is engaged in"后面的in. 其实我不知道为什么要加in...所以希望没改变原意。
因为语法上prep后必须接上名词不能悬挂。这点Ron和一些instructors都讲过。

INCORRECT: The man you laughed at ...  
CORRECT: The man at whom you laughed ...


INCORRECT: The book, which I refer to, ...
CORRECT: The book, to which I refer, ...

Incorrect versions在口语中经常出现，但是在书面语里不允许.

参考题目verbal review 2nd #20.
还有这个http://www.beatthegmat.com/speed-limit-long-one-t65314.html(B)项的"the speed limit continues to be fought over in our legislatures and on our freeways" is stylistically flawed.

从另一个角度说，G老师这道题"that is engaged in by soda drinkers"这里in和by串联也算错。
The official explanation also cites "a pile-up of prepositions" in "to be fought over in".


From Mitch (an instructor)

A preposition generally should be followed by an object:

Awkward: the movie that everyone is talking about. (No object follows the prepositionabout.)
Better: the movie about which everyone is talking. (Which is the object of the prepositionabout.)

I would be skeptical of an answer choice that offers a preposition not followed by a clear object -- especially when another answer choice avoids this issue and is free of errors. In B, over is not followed by an object; in E, over is directly followed by its object, the speed limit.

--
D, E里面的"though"的用法我还是觉得怪怪的，感觉这样不清楚哪部分和哪部分形成转折。不过只是感觉，我也不确定。可能是因为我没见过这样的正确句子吧，汗...
好吧，不蛊惑G老师泄密了，假如答案是D/E之一的话，我请求评点那个though，最好拿个正确的句子映证下。

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/30 3:02:12)

恩，应baby姐的要求，我现在就点评一下那个though。 这个though，不表示在句子中连词形式的转折，表示一个插入语。 是little more than的一个修饰成分。意思好像，“每天尽管就多那么一点点也会被看成一种剥削”。 任何词汇，都可以作为插入语存在。不必要纠结于词汇的形式，因为两个逗号，已经表明了这是一个插入语。 上面那个engaged in 的问题，等正确答案公布时再公布哈~

-- by 会员 glhelr (2012/6/30 10:45:23)

okay，那我明白了。我是受A选项的影响，认为前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，所以才纳闷儿为啥although会插入到前面分句的内部....谢谢~

aeoluseros

其实我想的是a form of deprivation在此句中语义上是不可割裂的整体，所以which指代整个a form of deprivation。
换句话说就是，a form of deprivation已经不是A of B的范畴了。而是类似“traffic light”这样的整体了（Incompleteness in Absence）。
仅仅是猜测。

aeoluseros

Ozone, a special form of oxygen that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays, reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it had long appeared immune to human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer.
---------
对于though作为插入语，或许typical的gmat句子会在前面有铺垫。不过并不影响helr传递Logic。

babybearmm

谢谢ae斑斑~that helps a lot~~

angelhxl

参与讨论
选E
A：读完句子，发现开头的they指代有问题
B：but后的leading不爽
C：deprivation itself导致，这个貌似跟原句意有出入
D：which指代问题