问道TN-13的语法题，google都木有找到解释啊！求baby姐姐各路NN

stephenlevi

baby你好, 这道题我有个不同的看法哈，我觉得prevent the original meaning 是以原句不产生歧义为前提的。我觉得A还是有歧义：Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has...
其中，虽然 that...作为Essential Noun Modifier优先修饰processes，但难免产生跳跃修饰前面research的歧义。produce这个动作是research还是processes发出的呢？
引用曼哈顿语法的一句话：if you have to read a sentence more than once to figure out what the author is saying-or if the sentence lends itself to multiple interpretations-it is not a good sentence.
而选项C恰好用介词by以被动形式回避了可能产生的歧义。（by which的which指代的是前面的processes）
我认为这道题是考察：避免歧义 用被动。
恳请指正！

yiqing2012

Split #2. "has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity" VS. "has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity"


意思上有区别哦，可能对我们non-native speakers来说不大容易发现。以下是我的感觉，不太100%确认，不过还是比较有把握的。


想象一个“寻宝”游戏吧，比如主持人让你在一间屋子里寻找一颗珍珠，结果你找到目标了，主持人说“恭喜你找到了！” 但你失望地发现：目标并不是“珍珠”，而是以假乱真的黄豆你可以说：
I have found a bean instead of a pearl.
好，回顾一下这句话的逻辑：你本来以为你将要找到a pearl，你的目标也是a pearl，结果当你历尽千辛万苦之后，你unexpectedly发现——
找到的目标居然不是a pearl而是a bean ("a bean instead of a pearl")


再换一个情景哈。现在新的游戏开始，主持人对你说：“这间屋子里有一颗珍珠和一颗黄豆，你的任务是找到它俩”
你使劲儿找啊找......时间到啦！你只找到了a bean，没有找到a pearl. 你说：
I have found not a pearl but a bean.
好了，这句话的逻辑，就是parallelism，相当于以下两个意思的叠加：
(a) I have not found a pearl.
AND
(b) I have found a bean.
那么，到底是否房间里确实存在a pearl呢？你不能回答，你只能说你没有找到而已。


Back to this question.
(C)的意思，就是我刚才的第2个场景。"has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity" 就说"underlying simplicity"完全可能是存在的（是"underlying"），只是那研究has not revealed.
这显然不是作者的本意。作者的本意是"instead of".

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/1 4:28:06)

sorry~我对这个解释有一点不同的看法：我认为not A but B一定是否定A但是肯定B,不存在可能性问题：
BABY姐举得第一个例子：I have found not a pearl but a bean.
虽然不能确定这个屋子里是否有pearl,但是这句话的动词不是“有”，而是“have found”，这句话一定可以确定的是：我没有找到pearl，但是找到了bean,即一定否定了pearl,肯定了bean~
类似的有prep上的一个句子：Unlikethe independent candidacies of George in 1968 and John Anderson in 1980, H. Ross Perot's independent run for the presidency in 1992 arose not from an unsuccessful effort to gain a major party nomination but from a desire to establish a viable third party in American politics.

这里一定是否定了not后面，肯定了but后面的内容，不可能是不确定not后面对不对的问题~

回到这个题目：has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity ,这里的动词确定是“has revealed”，所以一定是没有reveal underlying simplicity 但是一定有reveal great complexity~所以这和instead of表达的意思是一样的，没有差别~
所以我认为not..but...和instead of是可以换用的~~

这题的split点在于process后面用that还是用by which。如果用by which，除了像前面baby姐提到的有语义歧义（可以有两种理解）之外，也会使process没有定义，而process在句子也没有出现过，却用了the特指，所以可见后面一定是一个modifier来形容这是“怎样的一个process“~

open to discuss~

blairwashere

baby姐的解释 太精彩了 看的真心舒爽啊

bingc2012

baby姐大牛，佩服啊！五体投地！

杀G给猴看

大谢！看baby姐的解释后明白了很多~~但还是有问题不懂：

我能够大致理解by process的歧义，而且觉得the language is understood by the process也不对。但是对于DUKB最原始在帖子中提到的produce找不到宾语的问题还是不明白：process在定语从句中做主语，the process produce the language的宾语是怎么来的（如果不是“借用”了make的宾语的话）？

lycorisss

赞！偶然看到这个解释，实在是佩服呀

besoru

杀G给猴看 发表于 2013-5-4 12:26
大谢！看baby姐的解释后明白了很多~~但还是有问题不懂：

我能够大致理解by process的歧义，而且觉得the la ...

同问the process produce the language的宾语是怎么来的？求NN们解答

DANIELZZZZZ

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DANIELZZZZZ

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Indigolove

Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.

(A) that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity
(B) of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
(C) by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
(D) by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity
(E) by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity

According to S-V agreement, Research is singular and verb should be has, so we elinimate B,D,E

Regardless of "that" and "by which" we should know what they modify

language and the processes are plural, so when we modify them, we should say by which they(language and the processes) are produced and understood

So we know C is wrong

We go with A