问道TN-13的语法题，google都木有找到解释啊！求baby姐姐各路NN

jeffery2541

Split #2. "has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity" VS. "has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity"


意思上有区别哦，可能对我们non-native speakers来说不大容易发现。以下是我的感觉，不太100%确认，不过还是比较有把握的。


想象一个“寻宝”游戏吧，比如主持人让你在一间屋子里寻找一颗珍珠，结果你找到目标了，主持人说“恭喜你找到了！” 但你失望地发现：目标并不是“珍珠”，而是以假乱真的黄豆你可以说：
I have found a bean instead of a pearl.
好，回顾一下这句话的逻辑：你本来以为你将要找到a pearl，你的目标也是a pearl，结果当你历尽千辛万苦之后，你unexpectedly发现——
找到的目标居然不是a pearl而是a bean ("a bean instead of a pearl")


再换一个情景哈。现在新的游戏开始，主持人对你说：“这间屋子里有一颗珍珠和一颗黄豆，你的任务是找到它俩”
你使劲儿找啊找......时间到啦！你只找到了a bean，没有找到a pearl. 你说：
I have found not a pearl but a bean.
好了，这句话的逻辑，就是parallelism，相当于以下两个意思的叠加：
(a) I have not found a pearl.
AND
(b) I have found a bean.
那么，到底是否房间里确实存在a pearl呢？你不能回答，你只能说你没有找到而已。


Back to this question.
(C)的意思，就是我刚才的第2个场景。"has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity" 就说"underlying simplicity"完全可能是存在的（是"underlying"），只是那研究has not revealed.
这显然不是作者的本意。作者的本意是"instead of".

Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
(A) that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity
(B) of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
(C) by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity
(D) by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity
(E) by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity

可是A中produce后缺少宾语啊！如果认为与make共用it作其宾语，我认为是不可以的。因为it后面还有understandable，要共用，这个understandable总得也要共用吧？但意思是荒谬的。我认为A是错的，当时模考我选了C
但是仔细一想，
C选项的逻辑意思是错误的the language is understood by process
但是我还是找不出选A的理由

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/5/31 22:31:39)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/1 4:28:06)

太佩服了！！！解释的真好！

romanyck

(a) some people (or nationality or whatever) produced the language by the processes

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/1 4:28:06)

觉得c的话，这个比较好理解 by 改成  through就完胜了...

babybearmm

Good catch!
现在回头来看这道题，我觉得可以有另外的思路，就是从主动被动的角度，preserve the intended meaning.
原句的意思，包含这么一个信息量："the processes produce and make it (the language) understandable"，就说produce这个动作的主语是the processes.
而C改成了被动："the processes by which it (the language) is produced"，这样C选项就没有讲到底是produce这个动作的主语是谁.
这就属于distort the original meaning，不能允许的，看到直接咔擦。


Takeaway: 主动被动的区别，是meaning issue.
类似题目：
1. OG12 #79
2. http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/when-drafting-the-declaration-of-sentiments-that-t8828.html?sid=748f0a2dc0ba6dcf9f4e5d30f09d971f
这题可以用modifier的角度来解，不过我觉得，抓住原句的meaning从主动/被动这点来解(preserve the original meaning)速度更快：原句drafted和included这两个动作是有主语的（是Elizabeth Cady Stanton干的），而adopted使用被动语态表示的（所以该动作的主语不明），那么正确选项也必须体现这个，所以只能是E.

(a) some people (or nationality or whatever) produced the language by the processes

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/6/1 4:28:06)

觉得c的话，这个比较好理解 by 改成  through就完胜了...

-- by 会员 romanyck (2012/6/20 19:09:34)

赤尾屿

baby姐的第一种解释我有点困惑~
“the processes produced the language”
为什么是对的呢，我不太理解的了呢？
主语是过程，过程产生语言？
我怎么觉得怎么也是“the processes in which the language produced”
求解答呀~~~

chengzaaaa

解释的太传神易懂了！！！

grainy

babybear简直就是中国版的Ron大神啊。。。比Ron还多了三分温柔五分细致。

sudasuda

太厉害了。。。神来之笔~~~~

nadine1009

完了，只有我看完bb的解释依旧感觉这是一坨屎？

DUKB24

我怎么觉得我穿越了

LS具体哪里不明白吗？

ielaine0828

找不到了--