GWD 26-Q7 to Q9
There is no consensus among researchers
consensus among researchers
regarding what qualifies a substance as a
pheromone. While most agree on a basic definition
of pheromones as chemicals released by one
individual of a species which, when detected by
another individual of the same species, elicit a
specific behavioral or physiological response, some
researchers also specify (10) that the response to
pheromones must be unconscious. In addition, the
distinction between pheromones and odorants—
chemicals that are consciously detected as
odors---can be blurry, and some researchers
classify pheromones as a type of odorant. Evidence
that pheromone responses may not involve
conscious odor perception comes from the finding
that in many species, pheromones are processed by
the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) system,
which uses a special structure in the nose, the
vomeronasal organ (VNO), to receive chemical
signals. The neural connections between the VNO
and the brain are separate from those of the main
olfactory system, whose processing of odorants
triggers sensations of smell. But while the VNO
does process many animal pheromone signals, not
all animal pheromones work through the VNO.
Conversely, not all chemical signals transmitted via
the VNO quality as pheromones. For example,
garter snakes detect a chemical signal from
earthworms—one of their favorite foods—via the
VNO, and they use this signal to track their prey.
(行数可能有些不对,大家找的时候四周都看看就好了)
Q7 A
It can be inferred from the passage that in classifying pheromones as a type of odorant, the researchers referred to in line 15posit假定,认为that
A. pheromones are perceivedconsciously
B. !most pheromones are processedby the VNO
C. most chemical signals processedby the VNO are pheromones
D. pheromone perception does notoccur exclusively between members of the same species.
E. pheromones do not always elicita specific behavioral or physiological response=
疑问:请问各位呀,哪里看出应该选A了?我怎么反而觉得文章中说的是unconsciously呢
Q9: The primary purpose of the passage is to E
A. compare and contrast the waysin which the vomeronasal organand the main olfactory systernprocess chemicals.
B. summarize the debate over therole the vomeronasal organ plays in odor perception
C. present some of the issuesinvolved in the debate overwhat constitutes a pheromone
D. ! propose a new definition ofpheromones based on recentresearch
E. argue that pheromones should beclassified as a type of odorant
疑问:这个问什么选E呢?