final battle，一定要拿下！！冰冻贴纸重开！！

CCcarol

才发现是你哇冰冻亲~~~Carol来给你加油啦啦啦啦~~~

-- by 会员 CCcarol (2012/4/15 13:36:45)

哈哈，谢了啊~~还是觉得你的头像好萌啊~~

-- by 会员 h14zpsn (2012/4/16 3:39:42)

哈哈哈~活跃分子各种招摇~~~ 亲亲加油~~~=3=

redbirdredbird

动词不定式作主语
动词不定式的基本形式为“to + 动词原形”，其否定形式是“not to +动词原形”。它能起名词的作用，在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。动词不定式在作主语时，用法主要有以下两种：
　　一、动词不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而往往将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如：
　　It's not easy to learn a foreign language well. (=To learn a foreign language well is not easy.) 学好一门外语不容易。
　　在此句型中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for 引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。如：
　　It's difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。
　　It's hard for me to answer your question. 要我回答你的问题很难。
　　但是，如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite 等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加一个of 引起的短语。如：
　　这个例子属于上面的换一个of引起的。
　　It's very kind of you to help me.你能帮我，真好。
　　注意：
　　1. of sb.和for sb.这两种结构还有一个区别，在of sb.结构中，可用sb.直接作句子的主语来改写成“It's＋形容词＋of sb.＋动词不定式”结构。试比较：
　　It's foolish of him to go alone. (=He was foolish to go alone.) 他单独出去太傻了。
　　It's kind of you to give me the book. (=You are kind to give me the book.) 你给我这本书，真是太好了。
　　for sb.结构则不能这样转换。例如，不可以说：We are difficult to finish the work.
　　2. 动词不定式作主语，同时有另一个不定式作表语时，不能转换成“It's...to do sth.”的句型。如：
　　[正] To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
　　[误] It's to believe to see.
　　二、“疑问代(副)词+动词不定式”也可以在句中作主语。如：
How to control the water pollution is a big problem. 如何控制水污染是一个大问题。
When to start the project remains undecided. 什么时候开始这项工程仍然没有决定。

动词不定时与动名词区别与联系
Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点
1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如：
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is no use asking him for help.
2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)
(85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out.
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点
1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:
(92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:
It /There is no use crying over the split milk.
It /There is no help taking this medicine.
★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:
(93) There is no good for us to do that exercise.
3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:
How to solve the problem is a hot potato.
Where to put the box seems hard to decide.
Whether to do it hasn’t been decided.
What to do next is up to you.

-- by 会员 h14zpsn (2012/4/16 3:40:57)

不错，挺详细全面，是ＯＧ１３上的吗？

h14zpsn

转自 AOE的帖子！！！

一、句尾形容词短语做伴随状语（adjective的话放在句首句尾都有这个性质，所以把句首的例子也举进来）：
（1）形容词短语做伴随状语时，通常表状态。例如：
1．Full of apologies, the manager approached us．经理向我们走来，嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话。
2．He was too excited, unable to say a word．他太激动了，一句话也说不出来。
3．He stared at the footprint, full of fear．他盯着脚印，满心恐惧。
（2）单个形容词做伴随状语：单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态，不表动作。例如：
1．He sat there, silent．他一声不响地坐在那儿。
2．Breathless, she rushed in through the back door．穿过后门，他气喘吁吁地冲了进来。
3．He went to bed, cold and hungry．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。

二、句尾形容词同时也没有丧失非限定性修饰最近名词的功能（且修饰的是名词词组的核心词），尤其是过去分词(v.-ed)逗号隔开放在句尾。在判断正误时，先看能否做伴随状语修饰主语，如果不能做伴随状语修饰主语，则再要看句尾形容词能否就近修饰名词。二者兼不满足的，就是错句。

三、关于介词短语放在句尾(下面有with短语为例)：
首先，基本上大部分的“介词+noun”放在句尾用逗号隔开都是做状语修饰。
其次，虽然有些介词短语确实能够修饰临近做非限定性修饰，但也是修饰名词短语的核心词。

四、有些形容词叫做appositive modifier，这种形容词用逗号隔开放在句尾，还是习惯于修饰最近的词语。比如different from, (twice) as many/much as
#1. According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation's four-year colleges and universities.
--> as many as就近修饰eight million people
#2. The army cutworm moth is a critical source of fat for as many as a third of Yellowstone National Park's grizzly bears, which overturn rocks to find the insects, as many as 40,000 per bear in a single day.
--> as many as就近修饰insects
#3. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.
--> as many as修饰one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils

五、其他
（一）more than放在句尾用逗号隔开的修饰对象：
1. more than可以看做副词，也可以看作是比较结构的连接词：看作副词时，more than如thereby,thus这种并不起实际修饰作用，more than短语修饰对象根据more than后面的词决定；看作比较结构时：可以是修饰邻近的名词，也可以是修饰前面整个分句的比较状语，具体遵循比较的规则。
#1. With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, more than doubling its size and bringing its western border within reach of the Pacific Ocean.
than为介词，more than作为副词短语，doubling现在分词作为伴随结果状语，因此more than doubling做前面整个分句的伴随结果状语。
#2. Since the movie was released seventeen UFOs have been sighted in the state, more than had been sighted in the past ten years together.
more than是比较结构引导词，此处是整句属性的比较，所以more than后补出全句概念，than为连词。
#3. It's his manner I dislike, more than anything else.（来自LDOCE）
more than是比较结构引导词，此处是整句属性的比较，但more than后省略I dislike-->主语、谓语都相同。
#4. More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
more than是比较结构引导词，此处是整句属性的比较，more than后补出整句概念，但谓语相同都是holds，因此省略。

（二）with放在句尾可以做非限定性修饰，也可以做状语，但以做状语的情况居多：
#1. Those who have visited the Grand Canyon have typically seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors that mark the passage of time like the rings in a tree trunk.
这个是正确选项，with+ n. 作定语非限定性修饰layers。
#2. From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
此处with短语做状语修饰前面整句，或者可以看作修饰crafted，逻辑主语为the Menomini. 这个句子还要注意的一点是：前分句把状语放到了前面，于是with就更接近主语了。即“with与主语离得太远，中间有太多其他内容的时候，这种结构即使不会引起歧义也不是最好的选项”--铮岚瑗。

例题：


33. (26233-!-item-!-188;#058&002541)

More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh
water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(A) More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's
fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(B) With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, that is more than all the North American Great
Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.
(C) Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's
fresh water than all that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.
(D) While more than 300 rivers drain into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the world's
fresh water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(E) More than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more
than 300 rivers draining into it, holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water.  

（A）

babybearmm

冰冻很认真啊，这次一定能考好的，加油~

h14zpsn

冰冻很认真啊，这次一定能考好的，加油~

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/4/17 4:33:46)

恩恩··希望如此啦~只是把一些网上找来的东西放上去，一是防止下次找不到，再者就是让帖子有营养啦~向Baby姐学习！！！

h14zpsn

动词不定式作主语
动词不定式的基本形式为“to + 动词原形”，其否定形式是“not to +动词原形”。它能起名词的作用，在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。动词不定式在作主语时，用法主要有以下两种：
　　一、动词不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而往往将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如：
　　It's not easy to learn a foreign language well. (=To learn a foreign language well is not easy.) 学好一门外语不容易。
　　在此句型中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for 引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。如：
　　It's difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。
　　It's hard for me to answer your question. 要我回答你的问题很难。
　　但是，如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, polite 等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加一个of 引起的短语。如：
　　这个例子属于上面的换一个of引起的。
　　It's very kind of you to help me.你能帮我，真好。
　　注意：
　　1. of sb.和for sb.这两种结构还有一个区别，在of sb.结构中，可用sb.直接作句子的主语来改写成“It's＋形容词＋of sb.＋动词不定式”结构。试比较：
　　It's foolish of him to go alone. (=He was foolish to go alone.) 他单独出去太傻了。
　　It's kind of you to give me the book. (=You are kind to give me the book.) 你给我这本书，真是太好了。
　　for sb.结构则不能这样转换。例如，不可以说：We are difficult to finish the work.
　　2. 动词不定式作主语，同时有另一个不定式作表语时，不能转换成“It's...to do sth.”的句型。如：
　　[正] To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
　　[误] It's to believe to see.
　　二、“疑问代(副)词+动词不定式”也可以在句中作主语。如：
How to control the water pollution is a big problem. 如何控制水污染是一个大问题。
When to start the project remains undecided. 什么时候开始这项工程仍然没有决定。

动词不定时与动名词区别与联系
Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点
1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如：
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is no use asking him for help.
2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如:
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)
(85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out.
A. to go B. going C. go D. gone
Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点
1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如:
(92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如:
It /There is no use crying over the split milk.
It /There is no help taking this medicine.
★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如:
(93) There is no good for us to do that exercise.
3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如:
How to solve the problem is a hot potato.
Where to put the box seems hard to decide.
Whether to do it hasn’t been decided.
What to do next is up to you.

-- by 会员 h14zpsn (2012/4/16 3:40:57)

不错，挺详细全面，是ＯＧ１３上的吗？

-- by 会员 redbirdredbird (2012/4/16 23:36:47)

没··这个是网上找来的啊~~~

CCcarol

转自 AOE的帖子！！！

一、句尾形容词短语做伴随状语（adjective的话放在句首句尾都有这个性质，所以把句首的例子也举进来）：
（1）形容词短语做伴随状语时，通常表状态。例如：
1．Full of apologies, the manager approached us．经理向我们走来，嘴里不停地说着抱歉的话。
2．He was too excited, unable to say a word．他太激动了，一句话也说不出来。
3．He stared at the footprint, full of fear．他盯着脚印，满心恐惧。
（2）单个形容词做伴随状语：单个形容词做伴随状语也表示状态，不表动作。例如：
1．He sat there, silent．他一声不响地坐在那儿。
2．Breathless, she rushed in through the back door．穿过后门，他气喘吁吁地冲了进来。
3．He went to bed, cold and hungry．他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。

二、句尾形容词同时也没有丧失非限定性修饰最近名词的功能（且修饰的是名词词组的核心词），尤其是过去分词(v.-ed)逗号隔开放在句尾。在判断正误时，先看能否做伴随状语修饰主语，如果不能做伴随状语修饰主语，则再要看句尾形容词能否就近修饰名词。二者兼不满足的，就是错句。

三、关于介词短语放在句尾(下面有with短语为例)：
首先，基本上大部分的“介词+noun”放在句尾用逗号隔开都是做状语修饰。
其次，虽然有些介词短语确实能够修饰临近做非限定性修饰，但也是修饰名词短语的核心词。

四、有些形容词叫做appositive modifier，这种形容词用逗号隔开放在句尾，还是习惯于修饰最近的词语。比如different from, (twice) as many/much as
#1. According to a study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, companies in the United States are providing job training and general education for nearly eight million people, about as many as are enrolled in the nation's four-year colleges and universities.
--> as many as就近修饰eight million people
#2. The army cutworm moth is a critical source of fat for as many as a third of Yellowstone National Park's grizzly bears, which overturn rocks to find the insects, as many as 40,000 per bear in a single day.
--> as many as就近修饰insects
#3. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were four years ago.
--> as many as修饰one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils

五、其他
（一）more than放在句尾用逗号隔开的修饰对象：
1. more than可以看做副词，也可以看作是比较结构的连接词：看作副词时，more than如thereby,thus这种并不起实际修饰作用，more than短语修饰对象根据more than后面的词决定；看作比较结构时：可以是修饰邻近的名词，也可以是修饰前面整个分句的比较状语，具体遵循比较的规则。
#1. With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, more than doubling its size and bringing its western border within reach of the Pacific Ocean.
than为介词，more than作为副词短语，doubling现在分词作为伴随结果状语，因此more than doubling做前面整个分句的伴随结果状语。
#2. Since the movie was released seventeen UFOs have been sighted in the state, more than had been sighted in the past ten years together.
more than是比较结构引导词，此处是整句属性的比较，所以more than后补出全句概念，than为连词。
#3. It's his manner I dislike, more than anything else.（来自LDOCE）
more than是比较结构引导词，此处是整句属性的比较，但more than后省略I dislike-->主语、谓语都相同。
#4. More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds20 percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
more than是比较结构引导词，此处是整句属性的比较，more than后补出整句概念，但谓语相同都是holds，因此省略。

（二）with放在句尾可以做非限定性修饰，也可以做状语，但以做状语的情况居多：
#1. Those who have visited the Grand Canyon have typically seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors that mark the passage of time like the rings in a tree trunk.
这个是正确选项，with+ n. 作定语非限定性修饰layers。
#2. From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.
此处with短语做状语修饰前面整句，或者可以看作修饰crafted，逻辑主语为the Menomini. 这个句子还要注意的一点是：前分句把状语放到了前面，于是with就更接近主语了。即“with与主语离得太远，中间有太多其他内容的时候，这种结构即使不会引起歧义也不是最好的选项”--铮岚瑗。

例题：


33. (26233-!-item-!-188;#058&002541)

More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh
water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(A) More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's
fresh water, more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(B) With 20 percent of the world's fresh water, that is more than all the North American Great
Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.
(C) Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's
fresh water than all that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.
(D) While more than 300 rivers drain into it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the world's
fresh water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(E) More than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more
than 300 rivers draining into it, holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water.  

（A）

-- by 会员 h14zpsn (2012/4/17 3:58:01)

大大大大大大大大大.........MARK!!!!!!!!!! 感谢冰冻亲~~~

h14zpsn

贴纸重置！！各位亲们多来捧场！！！！

babybearmm

晕，我out了，记得你是4.2x号，是考过了还是推迟到5月了？
Anyway，冰冻加油，相信你~

Suri在奋斗

加油啦，final battel
福尔摩斯~~拿下gmat这个杀人犯