请教LSAT-13-IV-3,22

joywzy

22. A long-term health study that followed a group of people who were age 35 in 1950 found that those whose weight increased by approximately half a kilogram or one pound per year after the age of 35 tended, on the whole, to live longer than those who maintained the weight they had at age 35. This finding seems at variance with other studies that have associated weight gain with a host of health problems that tend to lower life expectancy.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparently conflicting findings?

(A) As people age, muscle and bone tissue tends to make up a smaller and smaller proportion of total body weight.

(B) Individuals who reduce their cholesterol levels by losing weight can thereby also reduce their risk of dying from heart attacks or strokes.

(C) Smokers, who tend to be leaner than nonsmokers, tend to have shorter life spans than nonsmokers.

(D) The normal deterioration of the human immune system with age can be slowed down by a reduction in the number of calories consumed.

(E) Diets that tend to lead to weight gain often contain not only excess fat but also unhealthful concentrations of sugar and sodium.

答案：C，我选D，答案是不是错了？C中讲的smoker与原文没有什么关系？
3. Insectivorous plants, which unlike other plants have the ability to trap and digest insects, can thrive in soils that are too poor in minerals to support noninsectivorous plants. Yet the mineral requirements of insectivorous plants are not noticeably different from the mineral requirements of noninsectivorous plants.

The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following hypotheses?

(A) The insects that insectivorous plants trap and digest are especially abundant where the soil is poor in minerals.

(B) Insectivorous plants thrive only in soils that are too poor in minerals to support noninsectivorous plants.

(C) The types of minerals required by noninsectivorous plants are more likely than are the types of minerals required by insectivorous plants to be found in soils poor in minerals.

(D) The number of different environments in which insectivorous plants thrive is greater than the number of different environments in which noninsectivorous plants thrive.

(E) Insectivorous plants can get some of the minerals they require from the insects they trap and digest.

答案：E，我选D， 答案是不是错了。

谢谢。

mike1999

第一题不大好选。其他四个选项很明显都不对，而C至少陈述了这样一个事实：确实有一些瘦的人寿命比胖的人段。D的意思是减少热量--〉免疫系统老化的速度下降，so,寿命我想总是长的吧。就是瘦子--〉寿命长。和文章结论相反。不对。
第二题答案就是E.文章的 premise是 （1） 食虫植物生长的土壤的矿物质<不食虫植物的土壤
（2）食虫植物的矿物质需求=不食虫植物的需求
这里的不等式明显不对等，我们需要找能够使<变成=的条件。
选项E提出了insect的养分可以补充给植物的问题。就是食虫植物从insect获得的养分肯定>不食虫植物从insect获得的养分。
所以这个>弥补了<的不足。从而得出=的结论。

joywzy

以下是引用mike1999在2003-6-22 17:49:00的发言：
第一题不大好选。其他四个选项很明显都不对，而C至少陈述了这样一个事实：确实有一些瘦的人寿命比胖的人段。D的意思是减少热量--〉免疫系统老化的速度下降，so,寿命我想总是长的吧。就是瘦子--〉寿命长。和文章结论相反。不对。

我是这样理解的，不知对不对：

D的意思是减少热量--〉免疫系统老化的速度下降，也就是说：热量增加，免疫系统老化慢，不就容易长寿的吗？可以解释的吗？

C中讲到 Smokers, who tend to be leaner than nonsmokers, tend to have shorter life spans than nonsmokers. 是无关啊，如何解释呢？

joywzy

以下是引用mike1999在2003-6-22 17:49:00的发言：

第二题答案就是E.文章的 premise是 （1） 食虫植物生长的土壤的矿物质<不食虫植物的土壤
（2）食虫植物的矿物质需求=不食虫植物的需求
这里的不等式明显不对等，我们需要找能够使<变成=的条件。
选项E提出了insect的养分可以补充给植物的问题。就是食虫植物从insect获得的养分肯定>不食虫植物从insect获得的养分。
所以这个>弥补了<的不足。从而得出=的结论。

赞 成。谢谢MIKE。

mike1999

以下是引用joywzy在2003-6-22 19:05:00的发言：

  D的意思是减少热量--〉免疫系统老化的速度下降，也就是说：热量增加，免疫系统老化慢，不就容易长寿的吗？可以解释的吗？

还是理解错误，减少热量--〉免疫系统老化的速度下降，也就是说：热量增加，免疫系统老化快（不是慢）。你再想想。

joywzy

以下是引用mike1999在2003-6-22 21:43:00的发言：
还是理解错误，减少热量--〉免疫系统老化的速度下降，也就是说：热量增加，免疫系统老化快（不是慢）。你再想想。

MIKE，你说得是对的。但是C为什么是答案呢？抽烟者跟不抽烟的人原文中没有提到啊。

mike1999

抽烟者是THINNER PEOPLE的一个子集，so the fact that some smoker live shorter than fat people can lead to the conclusion that some thinner people live shorter than fat people, therefore, by presenting a existence of the case, it strengthen the conclusion advanced  in the argument.

delia12345

E我能理解，但我不理解为什么D 是不对的，文中说到食虫动物能在不食虫动物不能生存的环境中生存，而它们所需的矿物质是一样的，换言之，不食虫动物能生存的环境食虫动物也能生存，这样食虫动物能够生存的环境不是比不食虫动物多吗？