og-152 关于with短语, 谢谢指点.

jacy

152. When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970's, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an "Andromeda strain," a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it.
(A)    it would kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it
(B)    it might kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it
(C)    kill vast numbers of humans who would have no natural defenses against it
(D)    kill vast numbers of humans who have no natural defenses against them
(E)    kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against them

key: c

我的问题: 关于介词短语作定语与定于从句的区别.
关于e选项, og中只指出是代词指代的问题, them指代不对,
那么如果e选项改为kill vast numbers of humans with no natural defenses against it.
那么应该选哪个呢?

另有一题同样关于with短语的,

141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.
(A)    Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
(B)    Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment
(C)    Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment
(D)    Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment
(E)    Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same

key: c.

关于b,d中的with短语, og的解释是
the expression" identical twins with the same genetic endowment" wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical.

但是我还是有点模糊 with介词短语与定于从句的区别,
到底什么时候基于简洁原则出发, 选择with短语, 什么时候用定于从句?


请大家指点, 谢谢!

siebel

General Rules, I don't know. However, I can try to repharase this special item. :-)

141.
BD用WITH的逻辑意思是：整个讨论都是在“有相同基因的个体“的范围之内，其他人不涉及。
C: 用从句，则句义涵盖所有人。

jacy

那152呢?

谢谢siebel, 不过, 我还是不太明白.

smallflower

好问题. 我也困惑! 大家快讨论呀!!!

另外,JACY很会融会贯通,举一反三.

donna

152题：我认为改过后是可以的。但是我觉得还是原来的C比较好，因为叙述的较清楚。

lyricling

152，with no sth against it 不如without sth against it 好吧。所以，我觉得还是c项比较好。
141，按照OG的解释，那么就是with短语作定语相当于非限定性定语从句，等于“，who‘,意为those twins who have the same genetic endowment.而限定性定语从句的意思与其有区别。
请高手指点。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-6-20 16:10:37编辑过]

jacy

以下是引用smallflower在2003-6-20 12:38:00的发言：
好问题. 我也困惑! 大家快讨论呀!!!

另外,JACY很会融会贯通,举一反三.

哈哈, 谢谢夸奖,
其实是因为两道题挨的近, 被我发现了.

jacy

152. 同意lyricling指出的without问题, 我确实没想到,

那再问一句, 如果有without sth against it 选项, 那该怎么选?

以前, 我对介词短语做定语的理解是:
用法更象分词作定于, 表示一种性质的, 持续性的限定性修饰.
而定于从句, 表示具体的时间, 行为,
因为, xdf曾经说, 如果遇到分词, 介词短语, 定于从句, 则优先选择用分词和介词短语修饰的, 原因是更加简洁.

可是, 现在看到这些题, 发现用上面的原则没法分清楚, 还请各位nn给出您的看法,

另外, 限定性&非限定性定于从句的区别是什么?

谢谢!

lyricling

我觉得即使是改成了without sth against it这样的形式，可能与原文的意思还有出入。原文里的定语从句有一个would have 这里带有一种虚拟含意。XDF指出的介词短语优于定语从句作定语应该是有一个前提，那就是两者的含义没有区别。而如果定语从句带有介词或形容词短语所无所表达的时态，情态，语态等含义，那么定语从句就不能随意地简化为介词或形容词短语。这一点LZM的书中也有提到，不知MM可曾注意过？

限定性定语从句的语义相当于形容词，而非限定性定语从句的语义相当于同谓语。

一点不成系统的想法，请大家批评！

joywzy

同意lyricling!

不知定位从句和介词短语还有什么区别没有？谢谢先。