LSAT4-I-10问题请教

albert

10. Auto industry executive: Statistics show that cars that were built smaller after 1977 to make them more fuel-efficient had a higher incidence of accident-related fatalities than did their earlier larger counterparts. For this reason we oppose recent guidelines that would require us to produce cars with higher fuel efficiency.
Which of the following, if true, would constitute the strongest objection to the executive's argument?
(A) Even after 1977, large automobiles were frequently involved in accidents that caused death or serious injury.
(B) Although fatalities in accidents involving small cars have increased since 1977, the number of accidents has decreased.
(C) New computerized fuel systems can enable large cars to meet fuel efficiency standards established by the recent guidelines.
(D) Modern technology can make small cars more fuel-efficient today than at any other time in their production history.
(E) Fuel efficiency in models of large cars rose immediately after 1977 but has been declining ever since.

答案C  C是如何WEAKEN的？
谢谢！

wdzc

executive的argument是为了车more fuel-efficient,要把车做得小了,造成了higher incidence .因此反对produce cars with higher fuel efficiency.executive的隐含的假设是if the car is more fuel-efficient,then the car is smaller size.
而C就weaken了这个隐含的假设,指出larger size car can be more fuel-efficient.从而weaken this argument.

albert

以下是引用wdzc在2003-6-18 12:02:00的发言：
executive的argument是为了车more fuel-efficient,要把车做得小了,造成了higher incidence .因此反对produce cars with higher fuel efficiency.executive的隐含的假设是if the car is more fuel-efficient,then the car is smaller size.
而C就weaken了这个隐含的假设,指出larger size car can be more fuel-efficient.从而weaken this argument.

谢谢斑竹的回答。
但是我认为原文说的是汽车变小，导致MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT。因为车MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT，所以造成了大量死亡。所以反对汽车MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT。结论反对的是汽车MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT，因为它造成了事故。。C说大汽车可以达到FUEL EFFICIENT的标准。。好象无关嘛？

谢谢各位进一步回答。

albert

BTW，原文:
cars that were built smaller after 1977 to make them more fuel-efficient

是：if the car is more fuel-efficient,then the car is smaller size.
还是： if the car is smaller size , then the car will be more fuel-efficient?

哪个导致哪个？ 有点糊涂了。。。

freemind301

以下是引用albert在2003-6-18 11:18:00的发言：
10. Auto industry executive: Statistics show that cars that were built smaller after 1977 to make them more fuel-efficient had a higher incidence of accident-related fatalities than did their earlier larger counterparts. For this reason we oppose recent guidelines that would require us to produce cars with higher fuel efficiency.

Executive:
      原因: 在1977年后,为了省油, 汽车建的比以前小, 后果是这种汽车比前的大汽车有更高的事故死亡率.
      结论: 因此, 我们不应造高节油汽车,(这样可以避免高的事故死亡率)

因为此题一个隐含前提是: 要想节油, 汽车必需小.
C选项提出现在的计算机化供油系统可以使大的汽车也很省油, 因此反驳了EXECUTIVE 的 结论成立的前提.

albert

谢谢freemind...

终于想明白，原文等价于：
省油---> 小汽车
小汽车---> 更多交通事故
所以  省油----> 更多交通事故
所以不要省油

WEAKEN： 省油不一定---> 小汽车。  否定前提...

我原来的问题主要在于把原文理解成了：
小汽车---->省油
省油-----> 交通事故
所以不要省油

又学到一点：
do A to achieve B    等价于  B-----> A
A that are to achive B suffer from C effect   是A-----> C  而不是B------>C

albert

今天又看到一题：LSATI-1-23

A  ensure B    等价于：   B ----> A
觉得好象不太对。。但是下题只有这样理解才对。

23. The function of government is to satisfy the genuine wants of the masses, and government cannot satisfy those wants unless it is informed about what those wants are. Freedom of speech ensures that such information will reach the ears of government officials. Therefore, freedom of speech is indispensable for a healthy state.
Which one of the following, if true, would NOT undermine the conclusion of the argument?

原文：1. 政府功能是为了满足大众真实需要  function of government work well ---> satify public real need
2. 满足大众真实需要的必要条件是： 知道大众需要  satify public real need ----> know what is the need of public
3．政府知道大众需要的必要条件：自由言论    know what is the need of public  ----> freedom of speech
所以：自由言论是健康国家的必要条件。function of goverment work well  ----> freedom of speech.

大家提提意见, A  ensure B    等价于：   B ----> A  这样的理解对不对?

mindfree

I think A ensure B ==> A-->B. Ensure indicates that B will happen in the presence of A. I saw this problem before. What are the choices?

albert

谢谢MINDFREE。。

原题：
23. The function of government is to satisfy the genuine wants of the masses, and government cannot satisfy those wants unless it is informed about what those wants are. Freedom of speech ensures that such information will reach the ears of government officials. Therefore, freedom of speech is indispensable for a healthy state.
Which one of the following, if true, would NOT undermine the conclusion of the argument?
(A) People most often do not know what they genuinely want.
(B) Freedom of speech tends ultimately to undermine social order, and social order is a prerequisite for satisfying the wants of the masses.
(C) The proper function of government is not to satisfy wants, but to provide equality of opportunity.
(D) Freedom of speech is not sufficient for satisfying the wants of the masses: social order is necessary as well.
(E) Rulers already know what the people want.
answer: D

答案我明白。。可是我觉得 如果 A ensure B等价于  A ----->  B  即原文的条件3
原文的结论是推不出来的。只有倒过来，原文的最后结论才成立.

原文：1. 政府功能是为了满足大众真实需要  function of government work well ---> satify public real need
2. 满足大众真实需要的必要条件是： 知道大众需要  satify public real need ----> know what is the need of public
3．    freedom of speech --->  know what is the need of public
所以：自由言论是健康国家的必要条件。function of goverment work well  ----> freedom of speech.

mindfree

You are right.

The conclusion of the statement is:
- Freedom of speech (1) is required for healthy state (2).

The premises are:
- The government is informed of what the wants are (3) is required for satify those wants (4)
- If freedom of speech (1) is sufficient to know what the wants are (3), then the conclusion is not supported. To get the conclusion, (1) needs to be the required condition for (3).

Ensure means "make certain of something". So I do not know why it indicates a required condition...