OG42,以前的不明白

LISAYUAN750616

.关于257，

Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward integration almost certainly boosts profits."
据文中上面这句话推出，当零配件本身是商品的话，backward integration 几乎促进了的利润。

如果这样，不等同于B选项说的增加了零配件销售的利润呢？如果不是这样理解，那么应该怎样理解呢，

Modern manufacturers, who need reliable sources of materials and technologically advanced components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult choice between owning the producers of these items (a practice known as backward integration (backward integration: 后向合并)) and buying from independent producers. Manufacturers who integrate may reap short-term rewards, but they often restrict their future capacity for (capacity for: ...的能力) innovative product development.
后项一体化的会带来短期收获, 但是约束公司的长期发展

Backward integration removes the need for some purchasing and marketing functions, centralizes overhead, and permits manufacturers to eliminate duplicated efforts in research and development. Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward integration almost certainly boosts profits. Nevertheless, because product innovation means adopting the most technologically advanced and cost-effective ways of making components, backward integration may entail a serious risk for a technologically active company—for example, a producer of sophisticated consumer electronics.
后项一体化的好处和对高科技公司的约束:导致技术落后

A company that decides to make rather than buy important parts can lock itself into an outdated technology. Independent suppliers may be unwilling to share innovations with assemblers with whom they are competing. Moreover, when an assembler sets out to master the technology of producing advanced components, the resulting demands on its resources may compromise its ability to assemble these components successfully into end products. Long-term contracts with suppliers can achieve many of the same cost benefits as backward integration without compromising a company’s ability to innovate.
具体阐述对高科技公司的约束的原因和提出一个解决方法: 长期合同

However, moving away from backward integration is not a complete solution either. Developing innovative technologies requires independent suppliers of components to invest huge sums in research and development. The resulting low profit margins on the sale of components threaten the long-term financial stability of these firms. Because the ability of end-product assemblers to respond to market opportunities depends heavily on suppliers of components, assemblers are often forced to integrate by purchasing the suppliers of components just to keep their suppliers in business.
进一步指出取消后项一体化可能带来的问题: 供应商的利润过低,威胁供应商的生存, 所以公司不得不买下供应商一保护其生存,才能保证自己的供应来源

257. According to the passage, all of the following are benefits associated with backward integration EXCEPT:
Backward integration removes the need for some purchasing and marketing functions, centralizes overhead, and permits manufacturers to eliminate duplicated efforts in research and development.

(A) improvement in the management of overhead expenses=centralize overhead

(B) enhancement of profit margins on sales of components

(C) simplification of purchasing and marketing operations

(D) reliability of a source of necessary components 第四段（B）

(E) elimination of unnecessary research efforts

scorpio0001

此题我也不懂，和楼主情况一样，希望大牛释疑。谢谢！

wangyu73cn

Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward integration almost certainly boosts profits.

是不是components不全面呢. 當他們是元材料商品,才提高利潤,如果不是,則不一定.

另外,不知道profits和(B) enhancement of profit margins on sales of components中的profit margins是否是一個意思呢

fdpy

我以为错在on sales of components，BI卖的应该是end product吧。

至于大N们解释的proft 和profit margin的区别，我在考试的时候一定是想不到的。

wangyu73cn

以下是引用fdpy在2005-1-30 16:56:00的发言：

我以为错在on sales of components，BI卖的应该是end product吧。

至于大N们解释的proft 和profit margin的区别，我在考试的时候一定是想不到的。

Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward integration almost certainly boosts profits. 是啊.主要在於此句中的利潤是對終端產品而言,不是促進了配件或元材料的銷售.

看來,我原來的理解有部分錯了.

謝謝.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-2-6 21:08:01编辑过]

fdpy

我想了想ETS的出发点，其实可能没有我们想的那么复杂。

我把我自己设想的ETS的考点标为红色了。其中第二部分红色出现了和选项B非常相似的句子，不知道是不是ETS迷惑我们的地方，如果记忆力不够好或者逻辑没搞清楚，很可能误选。然而，其实ETS要考的是第一部红色。所以以前有NN将2部分都用来解释这一题为何选B。愚见

Modern manufacturers, who need reliable sources of materials and technologically advanced

components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult choice between owning the

producers of these items (a practice known as backward integration) and buying from independent

producers. Manufacturers who integrate may reap short-term rewards, but they often restrict their

future capacity for innovative product development.

Backward integration removes the need for some purchasing and marketing functions, centralizers

overhead, and permits manufacturers to eliminate duplicated efforts in research and development.

Where components are commodities (ferrous metals or petroleum, for example), backward

integration almost certainly boosts profits. Nevertheless, because product innovation means

adopting the most technologically advanced and cost-effective ways of making components,

backward integration may entail a serious risk for a technologically active company-for example,

a producer of sophisticated consumer electronics.

A company that decides to make rather than buy important parts can lock itself into an outdated

technology. Independent suppliers may be unwilling to share innovations with assemblers with

whom they are competing. Moreover, when an assembler sets out to master the technology of

producing advanced components, the resulting demands on its resources may compromise its

ability to assemble these components successfully into end products. Long-term contracts with

suppliers can achieve many of the same cost benefits as backward integration without

compromising a company’s ability to innovate.

However, moving away from backward integration is not a complete solution either. Developing

innovative technologies requires independent suppliers of components to invest huge sums in

research and development. The resulting low profit margins on the sale of components threaten the long-term financial stability of these firms. Because the ability of end-product assemblers to

respond to market opportunities depends heavily on suppliers of components, assemblers are often

forced to integrate by purchasing the suppliers of components just to keep their suppliers in

business.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-1-30 22:56:09编辑过]

lindazhou

centralizes overhead 表明了option A 吗？

lindazhou

(D) reliability of a source of necessary components

在原文哪里找得到？

lindazhou

why no one answer me?

wangyu73cn

Modern manufacturers, who need reliable sources of materials and technologically advanced

components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult choice between owning the

producers of these items (a practice known as backward integration) and buying from independent

producers.

Backward integration removes the need for some purchasing and marketing functions, centralizers

overhead, and permits manufacturers to eliminate duplicated efforts in research and development.

供楼上参考。