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2.
Jane: Professor Harper’s ideas for modifying the design of guitars are of no value because there is no general agreement among musicians as to what a guitar should sound like and, consequently, no widely accepted basis for evaluating the merits of a guitar’s sound.
Mark: What’s more, Harper’s ideas have had enough time to be adopted if they really resulted in superior sound. It took only ten years for the Torres design for guitars to be almost universally adopted because of the improvement it makes in tonal quality
实际上这就是一个标准 Which one of the following most accurately describes the relationship between Jane’s argument and Mark’s argument? (A) Mark’s argument shows how a weakness in Jane’s argument can be overcome.
Mark’s argument can strengthen Jane’s argument. BA
Do not mistake the use of “What’s more” to automatically mean that he is adding something helpful to the situation. (B) Mark’s argument has a premise in common with Jane’s argument.
Not a common premise. (C) Mark and Jane use similar techniques to argue for different conclusions.
“Similar techniques to argue for different conclusions” is wrong.
Mark and Jane use different techniques to argue for similar conclusions (D) Mark’s argument restates Jane’s argument in other terms.
It seems to be a contender. However, not restate, but complement. (E) Mark’s argument and Jane’s argument are based on conflicting suppositions.
Conflicting supposition is wrong.
J认为没有一个统一的标准;而M认为是有标准的,如果H的想法足够好,那么就会被认可。两个人用来论证的观点是“矛盾”的
The test makers use that phrase to see if you will read closely enough to discern his real argument or if you will simply gloss over his comments on the basis of how they are introduced. The LSAT always makes you pay if you gloss over any section of a stimulus.
117. (30804-!-item-!-188;#058&005538) (GWD 3-Q32)
Newspaper editorial: In an attempt to reduce the crime rate, the governor is getting tough on criminals and making prison conditions harsher. Part of this effort has been to deny inmates the access they formerly had to college-level courses. However, this action is clearly counter to the governor's ultimate goal, since after being released from prison, inmates who had taken such courses committed far fewer crimes overall than other inmates. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? A. Not being able to take college-level courses while in prison is unlikely to deter anyone from a crime that he or she might otherwise have committed.
This answer choice is too strong to become the assumption. B. Former inmates are no more likely to commit crimes than are members of the general population.
This answer choice has no effect on the argument, since the comparison between former inmates and general population is irrelevant. C. The group of inmates who chose to take college-level courses were not already less likely than other inmates to commit crimes after being released.
Yes, if they were, this answer choice demonstrates that the college-level courses are useless to decrease crimes. Otherwise, the courses are useful. BA D. Taking high school level courses in prison has less effect on an inmate's subsequent behavior than taking college-level courses does.
The comparison between high school level courses and college-level courses is outside the scope of the argument. E. The governor's ultimate goal actually is to gain popularity by convincing people that something effective is being done about crime.
The answer is wrong, because the governor’s ultimate goal is to reduce the crime rate.
118. (30900-!-item-!-188;#058&005643) (GWD 18-Q30) The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease. The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil. This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread. Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? A. Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed are unaffected by tetracycline.
Diseases other than typhus are outside the scope of the argument. B. Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as an antibiotic by exposure to the processes involved in making bread and beer.
Yes, in this case, it demonstrates that tetracycline can be effective after the processes to make bread and beer. BA C. Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.
It fails to consider the tetracycline. D. Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancient Nubians which could have contained tetracycline.
Whether bread and beer were the only items containing tetracycline is irrelevant. E. Typhus is generally fatal.
The harm of typhus has no effect on the argument.
119. (28734-!-item-!-188;#058&003375) (GWD 17-Q30) In a study conducted in Pennsylvania, servers in various restaurants wrote “Thank you” on randomly selected bills before presenting the bills to their customers. Tips on these bills were an average of three percentage points higher than tips on bills without the message. Therefore, if servers in Pennsylvania regularly wrote “Thank you” on restaurant bills, their average income from tips would be significantly higher than it otherwise would have been. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies? A. The “Thank you” messages would have the same impact on regular patrons of a restaurant as they would on occasional patrons of the same restaurant.
The comparison between regular patrons and occasional patrons is irrelevant. B. Regularly seeing “Thank you” written on their bills would not lead restaurant patrons to revert to their earlier tipping habits.
Yes, in this case, it will strengthen the argument. Besides, we can use “negation”. BA C. The written “Thank you” reminds restaurant patrons that tips constitute a significant part of the income of many food servers.
The meaning of “Thank you” cannot strengthen the argument. D. The rate at which people tip food servers in Pennsylvania does not vary with how expensive a restaurant is.
Even though this is true, it cannot be the right assumption. E. Virtually all patrons of the Pennsylvania restaurants in the study who were given a bill with “Thank you” written on it left a larger tip than they otherwise would have.
But how about other patrons beyond the study, we do not know whether they will comply with these patrons in the study.
120. (32170-!-item-!-188;#058&006359) (GWD 8-Q40) From 1973 to 1976, total United States consumption of cigarettes increased 3.4 percent, and total sales of chewing tobacco rose 18.0 percent. During the same period, total United States population increased 5.0 percent. If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn? A. United States manufacturers of tobacco products had higher profits in 1976 than in 1973.
The profits are not referred in the argument. B. Per capita consumption of cigarettes in the United States was lower in 1976 than in 1973.
Yes, from the argument, we can conclude this answer choice. BA C. The proportion of nonsmokers in the United States population dropped slightly between 1973 and 1976.
Nonsmokers are outside the scope of the argument. D. United States manufacturers of tobacco products realize a lower profit on cigarettes than on chewing tobacco.
Comparison about profits is irrelevant. E. A large percentage of United States smokers switched from cigarettes to chewing tobacco between 1973 and 1976.
It is perhaps nonsmokers who switched to chewing tobacco between 1973 and 1976.
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